clone(2)
- NetBSD Manual Pages
CLONE(2) NetBSD System Calls Manual CLONE(2)
NAME
clone, __clone -- spawn new process with options
LIBRARY
Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <sched.h>
pid_t
clone(int (*func)(void *arg), void *stack, int flags, void *arg);
pid_t
__clone(int (*func)(void *arg), void *stack, int flags, void *arg);
DESCRIPTION
The clone system call (and associated library support code) creates a new
process in a way that allows the caller to specify several options for
the new process creation.
Unlike fork(2) or vfork(2), in which the child process returns to the
call site, clone causes the child process to begin execution at the func-
tion specified by func. The argument arg is passed to the entry point,
as a means for the parent to provide context to the child. The stack
pointer for the child process will be set to stack. Note that the clone
interface requires that the application know the stack direction for the
architecture, and that the caller initialize the stack argument as appro-
priate for the stack direction.
The flags argument specifies several options that control how the child
process is created. The lower 8 bits of flags specify the signal that is
to be sent to the parent when the child exits. The following flags may
also be specified by bitwise-or'ing them with the signal value:
CLONE_VM Share the virtual address space with the parent. The
address space is shared in the same way as vfork(2).
CLONE_FS Share the ``file system information'' with the parent.
This include the current working directory and file cre-
ation mask.
CLONE_FILES Share the file descriptor table with the parent.
CLONE_SIGHAND Share the signal handler set with the parent. Note that
the signal mask is never shared between the parent and
the child, even if CLONE_SIGHAND is set.
CLONE_VFORK Preserve the synchronization semantics of vfork(2); the
parent blocks until the child exits.
The clone call returns the pid of the child in the parent's context. The
child is provided no return value, since it begins execution at a differ-
ent address.
If the child process's entry point returns, the value it returns is
passed to _exit(2), and the child process exits. Note that if the child
process wants to exit directly, it should use _exit(2), and not exit(3),
since exit(3) will flush and close standard I/O channels, and thereby
corrupt the parent process's standard I/O data structures (even with
fork(2) it is wrong to call exit(3) since buffered data would then be
flushed twice).
Note that clone is not intended to be used for new native NetBSD applica-
tions. It is provided as a means to port software originally written for
the Linux operating system to NetBSD.
RETURN VALUES
Same as for fork(2).
ERRORS
Same as for fork(2).
SEE ALSO
chdir(2), chroot(2), fork(2), sigaction(2), sigprocmask(2), umask(2),
vfork(2), wait(2)
HISTORY
The clone() function call appeared in NetBSD 1.6. It is compatible with
the Linux function call of the same name with respect to the described
options.
BUGS
The NetBSD implementation of clone() does not implement the following
flags that are present in the Linux implementation:
· CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID
· CLONE_CHILD_SETTID
· CLONE_IO
· CLONE_NEWIPC
· CLONE_NEWNET
· CLONE_NEWNS
· CLONE_NEWPID
· CLONE_NEWUTS
· CLONE_PARENT
· CLONE_PARENT_SETTID
· CLONE_PTRACE
· CLONE_SETTLS
· CLONE_SYSVSEM
· CLONE_THREAD
· CLONE_UNTRACED
NetBSD 9.3 August 1, 2022 NetBSD 9.3
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