BOZOHTTPD(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual BOZOHTTPD(8)
NAME
bozohttpd -- hyper text transfer protocol version 1.1 daemon
SYNOPSIS
bozohttpd [-EGHVXdefhnsu] [-C suffix cgihandler] [-I port] [-L prefix script] [-M suffix type encoding encoding11] [-P pidfile] [-R readme] [-S version] [-T type timeout] [-U username] [-Z cert privkey] [-c cgibin] [-i address] [-p pubdir] [-t chrootdir] [-v virtualroot] [-x index] [-z ciphers] slashdir [myname]
DESCRIPTION
The bozohttpd program reads a HTTP request from the standard input, and sends a reply to the standard output. Besides ~user translation and vir- tual hosting support (see below), all file requests are from slashdir directory. The server uses myname as its name, which defaults to the local hostname, obtained from gethostname(3) (but see the -v option for virtual hosting.) bozohttpd writes logs to syslog(3) using the ftp facility (but see the -s option for testing.) bozohttpd is designed to be small, simple and relatively featureless, hopefully increasing its security. OPTIONS The following options are available: -b Enables daemon mode, where bozohttpd detaches from the current terminal, running in the background and servicing HTTP requests. -C suffix cgihandler Adds a new CGI handler program for a particular file type. The suffix should be any normal file suffix, and the cgihandler should be a full path to an interpreter. This option is the only way to enable CGI programs that exist out- side of the cgibin directory to be executed. Multiple -C options may be passed. -c cgibin Enables the CGI/1.1 interface. The cgibin directory is expected to contain the CGI programs to be used. bozohttpd looks for URL's in the form of /cgi-bin/<scriptname> where <scriptname> is a valid CGI program in the cgibin directory. In other words, all CGI URL's must begin with /cgi-bin/. Note that the CGI/1.1 interface is available with ~user translation using -E switch. -d Enables debug support. -E Enables CGI/1.1 interface for ~user translation. Note that enabling this support implies that users can run commands as the web server user. This may have security implications. -e Causes bozohttpd to not clear the environment when used with either the -t or -U options. -f Stops the -b flag from detaching bozohttpd from the tty and going into the background. This implies the -b flag. -G Get the bozohttpd version string, print it on standard output, and exit. -H Causes directory index mode to hide files and directories that start with a period, except for ... Also see -X. -I port Causes bozohttpd to use port instead of the default ``http'' port. When used with the -b option, it changes the bound port. Otherwise it forces redirections to use this port instead of the value obtained via getsockname(2). -i address Causes address to be used as the address to bind daemon mode. If otherwise unspecified, the address used to bind is derived from the myname, which defaults to the name returned by gethostname(3). Only the last -i option is used. This option is only valid with the -b option. -L prefix script Adds a new Lua script for a particular prefix. The prefix should be an arbitrary text, and the script should be a full path to a Lua script. Multiple -L options may be passed. A separate Lua state is created for each prefix. The Lua script can register callbacks using the httpd.register_han- dler('<name>', function) Lua function, which will trigger the execution of the Lua function function when a URL in the form http://<hostname>/<prefix>/<name> is being accessed. The function is passed three tables as arguments, the server envi- ronment, the request headers, and the decoded query string plus any data that was sent as application/x-www-form-urlen- coded. -M suffix type encoding encoding11 Adds a new entry to the table that converts file suffixes to content type and encoding. This option takes four additional arguments containing the file prefix, its ``Content-Type'', ``Content-Encoding'', and ``Content-Encoding'' for HTTP/1.1 connections, respectively. If any of these are a single dash (``-''), the empty string is used instead. Multiple -M options may be passed. -n Stops bozohttpd from doing IP address to name resolution of remote hosts. This affects the REMOTE_HOST environment vari- able for CGI programs and Lua scripts. -P pidfile Causes bozohttpd to create a PID file in pidfile when run in daemon mode with the -b option. -p pubdir Changes the default user directory for /~user/ translations from ``public_html'' to pubdir. -R readme When directory indexing is enabled, include the contents of the file readme in the footer of the directory index. -S version Sets the internal server version to version. -s Forces logging to be set to stderr always. -T type timeout Set the timeout for type to timeout. The valid values of type are ``ssl timeout'', ``initial timeout'', ``header timeout'', and ``request timeout''. The default values are 30 seconds, 30 seconds, 10 seconds and 600 seconds, respectively. -t chrootdir Makes bozohttpd chroot to the specified directory before answering requests. Every other path should be specified rel- ative to the new root, if this option is used. Note that the current environment is normally replaced with an empty envi- ronment with this option, unless the -e option is also used. -U username Causes bozohttpd to switch to the user and the groups of username after initialization. This option, like -t above, causes bozohttpd to clear the environment unless the -e option is given. -u Enables the transformation of Uniform Resource Locators of the form /~user/ into the directory ~user/public_html (but see the -p option above). -V Sets the backup virtual host directory to the slashdir argu- ment. If no directory exists in virtualroot for the request, then slashdir will be used. The default behavior is to return 404 (Not Found.) -v virtualroot Enables virtual hosting support. Directories in virtualroot will be searched for a matching virtual host name, when pars- ing the HTML request. If a matching name is found, it will be used as both the server's real name, [myname], and as the slashdir. See the EXAMPLES section for an example of using this option. -X Enables directory indexing. A directory index will be gener- ated only when the default file (i.e. index.html normally) is not present. -x index Changes the default file read for directories from ``index.html'' to index. -Z certificate_path privatekey_path Sets the path to the server certificate file and the private key file in PEM format. It also causes bozohttpd to start SSL mode. -z ciphers Sets the list of SSL ciphers (see SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(3)). Note that in bozohttpd versions 20031005 and prior that supported the -C and -M options, they took a single space-separated argument that was parsed. since version 20040828, they take multiple options (2 in the case of -C and 4 in the case of -M.) INETD CONFIGURATION As bozohttpd uses inetd(8) by default to process incoming TCP connections for HTTP requests (but see the -b option), bozohttpd has little internal networking knowledge. (Indeed, you can run it on the command line with little change of functionality.) A typical inetd.conf(5) entry would be: http stream tcp nowait:600 _httpd /usr/libexec/httpd httpd /var/www http stream tcp6 nowait:600 _httpd /usr/libexec/httpd httpd /var/www This would serve web pages from /var/www on both IPv4 and IPv6 ports. The :600 changes the requests per minute to 600, up from the inetd(8) default of 40. Using the NetBSD inetd(8), you can provide multiple IP-address based HTTP servers by having multiple listening ports with different configurations. NOTES This server supports the HTTP/0.9, HTTP/1.0, and HTTP/1.1 standards. Support for these protocols is very minimal and many optional features are not supported. bozohttpd can be compiled without CGI support (NO_CGIBIN_SUPPORT), user transformations (NO_USER_SUPPORT), directory index support (NO_DIRINDEX_SUPPORT), daemon mode support (NO_DAEMON_MODE), dynamic MIME content (NO_DYNAMIC_CONTENT), Lua support (NO_LUA_SUPPORT), and SSL sup- port (NO_SSL_SUPPORT) by defining the listed macros when building bozohttpd. HTTP BASIC AUTHORIZATION bozohttpd has support for HTTP Basic Authorization. If a file named .htpasswd exists in the directory of the current request, bozohttpd will restrict access to documents in that directory using the RFC 2617 HTTP ``Basic'' authentication scheme. Note: This does not recursively protect any sub-directories. The .htpasswd file contains lines delimited with a colon containing user names and passwords hashed with crypt(3), for example: heather:$1$pZWI4tH/$DzDPl63i6VvVRv2lJNV7k1 jeremy:A.xewbx2DpQ8I On NetBSD, the pwhash(1) utility may be used to generate hashed pass- words. While bozohttpd distributed with NetBSD has support for HTTP Basic Autho- rization enabled by default, in the portable distribution it is excluded. Compile bozohttpd with ``-DDO_HTPASSWD'' on the compiler command line to enable this support. It may require linking with the crypt library, using ``-lcrypt''. BLOCKLIST SUPPORT On NetBSD, bozohttpd supports blocklistd(8) by default. The support can be disabled with the ``-DNO_BLOCKLIST_SUPPORT'' compilation option. Upon occurrence, bozohttpd reports two HTTP status codes to blocklistd(8) as failures: 401 (``Unauthorized'') and 403 (``Forbidden'') . Of these, 401 is the one received upon authorization failure with the HTTP Basic Authorization mechanism. A successful authorization decreases the counter kept by blocklistd(8). Note that the implementation of the HTTP Basic Authorization mechanism uses a redirection; a status code 401 is always initially received. Therefore, a single authorization failure of .htpasswd is reported as two failures to blocklistd(8), but no failures are recorded upon successful authorization due to the decrease of the failure counter. SSL SUPPORT bozohttpd has support for TLSv1.1 and TLSv1.2 protocols that are included by default. It requires linking with the crypto and ssl library, using ``-lcrypto -lssl''. To disable SSL SUPPORT compile bozohttpd with ``-DNO_SSL_SUPPORT'' on the compiler command line. COMPRESSION bozohttpd supports a very basic form of compression. bozohttpd will serve the requested file postpended with ``.gz'' if it exists, it is readable, the client requested gzip compression, and the client did not make a ranged request.
FILES
bozohttpd looks for a couple of special files in directories that allow certain features to be provided on a per-directory basis. In addition to the .htpasswd used by HTTP basic authorization, if a .bzdirect file is found (contents are irrelevant) bozohttpd will allow direct access. If a .bzredirect symbolic link is found, bozohttpd will perform a smart redi- rect to the target of this symlink. The target is assumed to live on the same server. If target starts with slash then absolute redirection is performed, otherwise it's handled as relative. If a .bzabsredirect sym- bolic link is found, bozohttpd will redirect to the absolute URL pointed to by this symlink. This is useful to redirect to different servers. Two forms of redirection are supported - symbolic link without schema will use http:// as default i.e. link to NetBSD.org will redirect to http://NetBSD.org/ Otherwise provided schema will be used i.e. symbolic link to ftp://NetBSD.org/ will redirect to the provided URL. If a .bzremap file is found at the root of a (virtual) server, it is expected to contain rewrite mappings for URLs. These remappings are performed internally in the server before authenti- cation happens and can be used to hide implementation details, like the CGI handler specific suffix for non cgi scripts in authorized directo- ries. The map file consists of lines two paths separated by a colon, where the left side needs to exactly match a (sub) path of the request and will be replaced by the right side. The first match always wins. A .bzremap file could look like this: /nic/update:/auth-dir/updipv4.pl The remap file should be short, access to it is slow and needs to happen on each request. If a request path needs to include a colon (:) charac- ter, it can be escaped with a backslash (\) The right hand side of the colon is always used verbatim, no escape sequences are interpreted.
EXAMPLES
To configure set of virtual hosts, one would use an inetd.conf(5) entry like: http stream tcp nowait:600 _httpd /usr/libexec/httpd httpd -v /var/vroot /var/www and inside /var/vroot create a directory (or a symlink to a directory) with the same name as the virtual host, for each virtual host. Lookups for these names are done in a case-insensitive manner, and may include the port number part of the request, allowing for distinct virtual hosts on the same name. To use bozohttpd with PHP, one must use the -C option to specify a CGI handler for a particular file type. Typically this will be like: httpd -C .php /usr/pkg/bin/php-cgi /var/www Note that a plain script interpreter can not be used directly as a cgi- handler, as there are no command line options passed from bozohttpd to avoid security issues. If no CGI-aware wrapper exists, a simple shell script like the following might do. It would be invoked like: httpd -C .pl /www-scripts/bin/run.perl /var/www and the script could look like: #! /bin/sh if [ -r "$SCRIPT_FILENAME" -a -x "$SCRIPT_FILENAME" ]; then exec /usr/pkg/bin/perl "$SCRIPT_FILENAME" fi exit 1
SEE ALSO
inetd.conf(5), inetd(8)
HISTORY
bozohttpd was first written in perl, based on another perl http server called ``tinyhttpd''. It was then rewritten from scratch in perl, and then once again in C. From ``bozohttpd'' version 20060517, it has been integrated into NetBSD. The focus has always been simplicity and secu- rity, with minimal features and regular code audits. This manual docu- ments bozohttpd version 20210227.
AUTHORS
bozohttpd was written by Matthew R. Green <mrg@eterna.com.au>. The large list of contributors includes: - Christoph Badura <bad@bsd.de> provided Range: header support - Marc Balmer <mbalmer@NetBSD.org> added Lua support for dynamic con- tent creation - Sean Boudreau <seanb@NetBSD.org> provided a security fix for virtual hosting - Julian Coleman <jdc@coris.org.uk> provided an IPv6 bugfix - Chuck Cranor <chuck@research.att.com> provided cgi-bin support fixes, and more - Alistair G. Crooks <agc@NetBSD.org> cleaned up many internal inter- faces, made bozohttpd linkable as a library and provided the Lua binding - DEGROOTE Arnaud <degroote@NetBSD.org> provided a fix for daemon mode - Andrew Doran <ad@NetBSD.org> provided directory indexing support - Roland Dowdeswell <elric@NetBSD.org> added support for serving gzipped files and better SSL handling - Per Ekman <pek@pdc.kth.se> provided a fix for a minor (non-security) buffer overflow condition - <emily@ingalls.rocks> provided fixes for some bad request parsing - Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino, KAME <itojun@iijlab.net> provided initial IPv6 support - Martin Husemann <martin@NetBSD.org> provided .bzabsredirect and .bzredir support, fixed various redirection issues and more - Arto Huusko <arto.huusko@pp2.inet.fi> provided fixes cgi-bin - Roland Illig <roland.illig@gmx.de> provided some off-by-one fixes - Zak Johnson <zakj@nox.cx> provided cgi-bin enhancements - Nicolas Jombart <ecu@ipv42.net> provided fixes for HTTP basic autho- rization support - Antti Kantee <pooka@NetBSD.org> provided fixes for HTTP basic autho- rization support - Thomas Klausner <wiz@NetBSD.org> provided many fixes and enhancements for the man page - Mateusz Kocielski <shm@NetBSD.org> fixed memory leaks, various issues with userdir support, information disclosure issues, added support for using CGI handlers with directory indexing, found several secu- rity issues and provided various other fixes - Arnaud Lacombe <alc@NetBSD.org> provided some clean up for memory leaks - Johnny Lam <jlam@NetBSD.org> provided man page fixes - Dennis Lindroos <denafcm@gmail.com> provided a cgi-bin fix - Jared McNeill <jmcneill@NetBSD.org> added support for readme in directory indexing - Julio Merino <jmmv@NetBSD.org> Added the -P option (pidfile support) and provided some man page fixes - Luke Mewburn <lukem@NetBSD.org> provided many various fixes, includ- ing cgi-bin fixes and enhancements, HTTP basic authorization support and much code clean up - Rajeev V. Pillai <rajeev_v_pillai@yahoo.com> provided several fixes for virtual hosting and directory indexing and fixes for CGI - Jeremy C. Reed <reed@NetBSD.org> provided several clean up fixes, and man page updates - Scott Reynolds <scottr@NetBSD.org> provided various fixes - Tyler Retzlaff <rtr@eterna.com.au> provided SSL support, cgi-bin fixes and much other random other stuff - rudolf <netbsd@eq.cz> provided minor compile fixes and a CGI content map fix - Steve Rumble <rumble@ephemeral.org> provided the -V option - Jukka Ruohonen <jruoho@NetBSD.org> provided support for blocklistd(8) - Thor Lancelot Simon <tls@NetBSD.org> enhanced cgi-bin support - Joerg Sonnenberger <joerg@NetBSD.org> implemented If-Modified-Since support - ISIHARA Takanori <ishit@oak.dti.ne.jp> provided a man page fix - Holger Weiss <holger@CIS.FU-Berlin.DE> provided http authorization fixes - <xs@kittenz.org> provided chroot and change-to-user support, and other various fixes - S.P.Zeidler <spz@NetBSD.org> fixed several SSL shutdown issues - Coyote Point provided various CGI fixes There are probably others I have forgotten (let me know if you care) Please send all updates to bozohttpd to <mrg@eterna.com.au> for inclusion in future releases.
BUGS
bozohttpd does not handle HTTP/1.1 chunked input from the client yet. NetBSD 9.3 February 27, 2021 NetBSD 9.3
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