ldd(1) - NetBSD Manual Pages

LDD(1)                  NetBSD General Commands Manual                  LDD(1)


NAME

     ldd -- list dynamic object dependencies


SYNOPSIS

     ldd [-f format] program ...


DESCRIPTION

     ldd displays all shared objects that are needed to run the given program.
     Contrary to nm(1), the list includes ``indirect'' dependencies that are
     the result of needed shared objects which themselves depend on yet other
     shared objects.  Zero, one or two -f options may be given. The argument
     is a format string passed to rtld(1) and allows customization of ldd's
     output.  The first format argument is used for library objects and is
     equivalent to the ld.aout_so(1) environment variable
     LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_FMT1.  It defaults to "\t-l%o.%m => %p\n" for elf
     and "\t-l%o.%m => %p (%x)\n" for a.out.  The second format argument is
     used for non-library objects and it is equivalent to the ld.aout_so(1)
     environment variable LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_FMT2.  It defaults to "\t%o
     => %p\n" for elf and "\t%o (%x)\n" for a.out.

     These arguments are interpreted as format strings a la printf(3) to cus-
     tomize the trace output and allow ldd to be operated as a filter more
     conveniently.  The following conversions can be used:

     %a    The main program's name (also known as ``__progname'').

     %A    The value of the environment variable
           LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_PROGNAME in a.out and the program name from
           the argument vector from elf.

     %o    The library name.

     %m    The library's major version number.

     %n    The library's minor version number (a.out only, ignored in elf).

     %p    The full pathname as determined by rtld's library search rules.

     %x    The library's load address

     Additionally, \n and \t are recognized and have their usual meaning.


SEE ALSO

     ld(1), ld.aout_so(1), ld.elf_so(1), nm(1), rtld(1)


HISTORY

     A ldd utility first appeared in SunOS 4.0, it appeared in its current
     form in NetBSD 0.9A.


BUGS

     The a.out ldd actually runs the program it has been requested to analyze
     which in specially constructed environments can have security implica-
     tions.

NetBSD 4.0                       May 23, 2004                       NetBSD 4.0