printf(9)
- NetBSD Manual Pages
KPRINTF(9) NetBSD Kernel Developer's Manual KPRINTF(9)
NAME
printf, snprintf, vprintf, vsnprintf, uprintf, ttyprintf, tprintf -- ker-
nel formatted output conversion
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/systm.h>
void
printf(const char *format, ...);
void
printf_nolog(const char *format, ...);
int
snprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *format, ...);
void
vprintf(const char *format, va_list ap);
int
vsnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *format, va_list ap);
void
uprintf(const char *format, ...);
void
ttyprintf(struct tty *tty, const char *format, ...);
#include <sys/tprintf.h>
tpr_t
tprintf_open(struct proc *p);
void
tprintf(tpr_t tpr, const char *format, ...);
void
tprintf_close(tpr_t tpr);
void
aprint_normal(const char *format, ...);
void
aprint_naive(const char *format, ...);
void
aprint_verbose(const char *format, ...);
void
aprint_debug(const char *format, ...);
void
aprint_error(const char *format, ...);
int
aprint_get_error_count(void);
DESCRIPTION
The printf() family of functions allows the kernel to send formatted mes-
sages to various output devices. The functions printf() and vprintf()
send formatted strings to the system console. The printf_nolog() func-
tion is identical to printf(), except it does not send the data to the
system log. The functions snprintf() and vsnprintf() write output to a
string buffer. These four functions work similarly to their user space
counterparts, and are not described in detail here.
The functions uprintf() and ttyprintf() send formatted strings to the
current process's controlling tty and a specific tty, respectively.
The tprintf() function sends formatted strings to a process's controlling
tty, via a handle of type tpr_t. This allows multiple write operations
to the tty with a guarantee that the tty will be valid across calls. A
handle is acquired by calling tprintf_open() with the target process as
an argument. This handle must be closed with a matching call to
tprintf_close().
The functions aprint_normal(), aprint_naive(), aprint_verbose(),
aprint_debug(), and aprint_error() are intended to be used to print auto-
configuration messages, and change their behavior based on flags in the
``boothowto'' variable:
aprint_normal() Sends to the console unless AB_QUIET is set. Always
sends to the log.
aprint_naive() Sends to the console only if AB_QUIET is set. Never
sends to the log.
aprint_verbose() Sends to the console only if AB_VERBOSE is set. Always
sends to the log.
aprint_debug() Sends to the console and the log only if AB_DEBUG is
set.
aprint_error() Like aprint_normal(), but also keeps track of the num-
ber of times called. This allows a subsystem to report
the number of errors that occurred during a quiet or
silent initialization phase. The
aprint_get_error_count() function reports the number of
errors and resets the counter to 0.
If AB_SILENT is set, none of the autoconfiguration message printing rou-
tines send output to the console. The AB_VERBOSE and AB_DEBUG flags
override AB_SILENT.
RETURN VALUES
The snprintf() and vsnprintf() functions return the number of characters
placed in the buffer buf. This is different to the user-space functions
of the same name.
The tprintf_open() function returns NULL if no terminal handle could be
acquired.
SEE ALSO
printf(1), printf(3), bitmask_snprintf(9)
CODE REFERENCES
sys/kern/subr_prf.c
HISTORY
The sprintf() and vsprintf() unsized string formatting functions are sup-
ported for compatibility only, and are not documented here. New code
should use the size-limited snprintf() and vsnprintf() functions instead.
In NetBSD 1.5 and earlier, printf() supported more format strings than
the user space printf(). These nonstandard format strings are no longer
supported. For the functionality provided by the former %b format
string, see bitmask_snprintf(9).
The aprint_normal(), aprint_naive(), aprint_verbose(), and aprint_debug()
functions first appeared in BSD/OS.
BUGS
The uprintf() and ttyprintf() functions should be used sparingly, if at
all. Where multiple lines of output are required to reach a process's
controlling terminal, tprintf() is preferred.
NetBSD 4.0 January 15, 2006 NetBSD 4.0
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