CIPHERS(1) OpenSSL CIPHERS(1)
NAME
ciphers - SSL cipher display and cipher list tool.
LIBRARY
libcrypto, -lcrypto
SYNOPSIS
openssl ciphers [-v] [-ssl2] [-ssl3] [-tls1] [cipherlist]
DESCRIPTION
The cipherlist command converts OpenSSL cipher lists into ordered SSL cipher preference lists. It can be used as a test tool to determine the appropriate cipherlist.
COMMAND OPTIONS
-v verbose option. List ciphers with a complete descrip- tion of protocol version (SSLv2 or SSLv3; the latter includes TLS), key exchange, authentication, encryp- tion and mac algorithms used along with any key size restrictions and whether the algorithm is classed as an "export" cipher. Note that without the -v option, ciphers may seem to appear twice in a cipher list; this is when similar ciphers are available for SSL v2 and for SSL v3/TLS v1. -ssl3 only include SSL v3 ciphers. -ssl2 only include SSL v2 ciphers. -tls1 only include TLS v1 ciphers. -h, -? print a brief usage message. cipherlist a cipher list to convert to a cipher preference list. If it is not included then the default cipher list will be used. The format is described below.
CIPHER LIST FORMAT
The cipher list consists of one or more cipher strings separated by colons. Commas or spaces are also acceptable separators but colons are normally used. The actual cipher string can take several different forms. It can consist of a single cipher suite such as RC4-SHA. It can represent a list of cipher suites containing a cer- tain algorithm, or cipher suites of a certain type. For example SHA1 represents all ciphers suites using the 2001-04-12 0.9.6g 1 CIPHERS(1) OpenSSL CIPHERS(1) digest algorithm SHA1 and SSLv3 represents all SSL v3 algorithms. Lists of cipher suites can be combined in a single cipher string using the + character. This is used as a logical and operation. For example SHA1+DES represents all cipher suites containing the SHA1 and the DES algorithms. Each cipher string can be optionally preceded by the char- acters !, - or +. If ! is used then the ciphers are permanently deleted from the list. The ciphers deleted can never reappear in the list even if they are explicitly stated. If - is used then the ciphers are deleted from the list, but some or all of the ciphers can be added again by later options. If + is used then the ciphers are moved to the end of the list. This option doesn't add any new ciphers it just moves matching existing ones. If none of these characters is present then the string is just interpreted as a list of ciphers to be appended to the current preference list. If the list includes any ciphers already present they will be ignored: that is they will not moved to the end of the list. Additionally the cipher string @STRENGTH can be used at any point to sort the current cipher list in order of encryption algorithm key length.
CIPHER STRINGS
The following is a list of all permitted cipher strings and their meanings. DEFAULT the default cipher list. This is determined at compile time and is normally ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+SSLv2:@STRENGTH. This must be the first cipher string specified. ALL all ciphers suites except the eNULL ciphers which must be explicitly enabled. HIGH "high" encryption cipher suites. This currently means those with key lengths larger than 128 bits. MEDIUM "medium" encryption cipher suites, currently those using 128 bit encryption. 2001-04-12 0.9.6g 2 CIPHERS(1) OpenSSL CIPHERS(1) LOW "low" encryption cipher suites, currently those using 64 or 56 bit encryption algorithms but excluding export cipher suites. EXP, EXPORT export encryption algorithms. Including 40 and 56 bits algorithms. EXPORT40 40 bit export encryption algorithms EXPORT56 56 bit export encryption algorithms. eNULL, NULL the "NULL" ciphers that is those offering no encryp- tion. Because these offer no encryption at all and are a security risk they are disabled unless explicitly included. aNULL the cipher suites offering no authentication. This is currently the anonymous DH algorithms. These cipher suites are vulnerable to a "man in the middle" attack and so their use is normally discouraged. kRSA, RSA cipher suites using RSA key exchange. kEDH cipher suites using ephemeral DH key agreement. kDHr, kDHd cipher suites using DH key agreement and DH certifi- cates signed by CAs with RSA and DSS keys respec- tively. Not implemented. aRSA cipher suites using RSA authentication, i.e. the cer- tificates carry RSA keys. aDSS, DSS cipher suites using DSS authentication, i.e. the cer- tificates carry DSS keys. aDH cipher suites effectively using DH authentication, i.e. the certificates carry DH keys. Not implemented. kFZA, aFZA, eFZA, FZA ciphers suites using FORTEZZA key exchange, authenti- cation, encryption or all FORTEZZA algorithms. Not implemented. 2001-04-12 0.9.6g 3 CIPHERS(1) OpenSSL CIPHERS(1) TLSv1, SSLv3, SSLv2 TLS v1.0, SSL v3.0 or SSL v2.0 cipher suites respec- tively. DH cipher suites using DH, including anonymous DH. ADH anonymous DH cipher suites. 3DES cipher suites using triple DES. DES cipher suites using DES (not triple DES). RC4 cipher suites using RC4. RC2 cipher suites using RC2. IDEA cipher suites using IDEA. MD5 cipher suites using MD5. SHA1, SHA cipher suites using SHA1.
CIPHER SUITE NAMES
The following lists give the SSL or TLS cipher suites names from the relevant specification and their OpenSSL equivalents. SSL v3.0 cipher suites. SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5 SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5 SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5 SSL_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA 2001-04-12 0.9.6g 4 CIPHERS(1) OpenSSL CIPHERS(1) SSL_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. SSL_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. SSL_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA SSL_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5 SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5 SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA SSL_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_NULL_SHA Not implemented. SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_FORTEZZA_CBC_SHA Not implemented. SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Not implemented. TLS v1.0 cipher suites. TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5 TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5 TLS_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA TLS_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. TLS_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA 2001-04-12 0.9.6g 5 CIPHERS(1) OpenSSL CIPHERS(1) TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5 TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA TLS_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA TLS_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA Additional Export 1024 and other cipher suites Note: these ciphers can also be used in SSL v3. TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DES-CBC-SHA TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-RC4-SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_RC4_128_SHA DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA SSL v2.0 cipher suites. SSL_CK_RC4_128_WITH_MD5 RC4-MD5 SSL_CK_RC4_128_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 RC2-MD5 SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC2-MD5 SSL_CK_IDEA_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 IDEA-CBC-MD5 SSL_CK_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC-MD5 SSL_CK_DES_192_EDE3_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC3-MD5
NOTES
The non-ephemeral DH modes are currently unimplemented in OpenSSL because there is no support for DH certificates. Some compiled versions of OpenSSL may not include all the ciphers listed here because some ciphers were excluded at compile time.
EXAMPLES
Verbose listing of all OpenSSL ciphers including NULL ciphers: openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:eNULL' Include all ciphers except NULL and anonymous DH then sort by strength: openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:!ADH:@STRENGTH' Include only 3DES ciphers and then place RSA ciphers last: openssl ciphers -v '3DES:+RSA' 2001-04-12 0.9.6g 6 CIPHERS(1) OpenSSL CIPHERS(1)
SEE ALSO
openssl_s_client(1), openssl_s_server(1), ssl(3) 2001-04-12 0.9.6g 7
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