TELNETD(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual TELNETD(8)
NAME
telnetd - DARPA TELNET protocol server
SYNOPSIS
/usr/libexec/telnetd [-Uhlkns46] [-D debugmode] [-Iinitid] [-S tos] [-X authtype] [-a authmode] [-edebug] [-g gettyent] [-rlowpty-highpty] [-u len] [-debug [port]]
DESCRIPTION
The telnetd command is a server which supports the DARPA standard TELNET virtual terminal protocol. telnetd is normally invoked by the internet server (see inetd(8)) for requests to connect to the TELNET port as indi- cated by the /etc/services file (see services(5)). The -debug option may be used to start up telnetd manually, instead of through inetd(8). If started up this way, port may be specified to run telnetd on an alternate TCP port number. The telnetd command accepts the following options: -a authmode This option may be used for specifying what mode should be used for authentication. Note that this option is only use- ful if telnetd has been compiled with support for the AUTHENTICATION option. There are several valid values for authmode: debug Turns on authentication debugging code. user Only allow connections when the remote user can pro- vide valid authentication information to identify the remote user, and is allowed access to the specified account without providing a password. valid Only allow connections when the remote user can pro- vide valid authentication information to identify the remote user. The login(1) command will provide any additional user verification needed if the remote us- er is not allowed automatic access to the specified account. other Only allow connections that supply some authentica- tion information. This option is currently not sup- ported by any of the existing authentication mecha- nisms, and is thus the same as specifying -a valid. none This is the default state. Authentication informa- tion is not required. If no or insufficient authen- tication information is provided, then the login(1) program will provide the necessary user verification. off This disables the authentication code. All user ver- ification will happen through the login(1) program. -D debugmode This option may be used for debugging purposes. This allows telnetd to print out debugging information to the connec- tion, allowing the user to see what telnetd is doing. There are several possible values for debugmode: options Prints information about the negotiation of TELNET options. report Prints the options information, plus some addi- tional information about what processing is going on. netdata Displays the data stream received by telnetd. ptydata Displays data written to the pty. exercise Has not been implemented yet. -debug Enables debugging on each socket created by telnetd (see SO_DEBUG in socket(2)). -edebug If telnetd has been compiled with support for data encryp- tion, then the -edebug option may be used to enable encryp- tion debugging code. -g gettyent Specifies which entry from /etc/gettytab should be used to get banner strings, login program and other information. The default entry is default. -h Disables the printing of host-specific information before login has been completed. -I initid This option is only applicable to UNICOS systems prior to 7.0. It specifies the ID from /etc/inittab to use when init starts login sessions. The default ID is fe. -k This option is only useful if telnetd has been compiled with both linemode and kludge linemode support. If the -k option is specified, then if the remote client does not support the LINEMODE option, then telnetd will operate in character at a time mode. It will still support kludge linemode, but will only go into kludge linemode if the remote client requests it. (This is done by by the client sending DONT SUPPRESS- GO-AHEAD and DONT ECHO.) The -k option is most useful when there are remote clients that do not support kludge linemode, but pass the heuristic (if they respond with WILL TIMING-MARK in response to a DO TIMING-MARK) for kludge linemode support. -l Specifies line mode. Tries to force clients to use line- at-a-time mode. If the LINEMODE option is not supported, it will go into kludge linemode. -n Disable TCP keep-alives. Normally telnetd enables the TCP keep-alive mechanism to probe connections that have been idle for some period of time to determine if the client is still there, so that idle connections from machines that have crashed or can no longer be reached may be cleaned up. -r lowpty-highpty This option is only enabled when telnetd is compiled for UNICOS. It specifies an inclusive range of pseudo-terminal devices to use. If the system has sysconf variable _SC_CRAY_NPTY configured, the default pty search range is 0 to _SC_CRAY_NPTY; otherwise, the default range is 0 to 128. Either lowpty or highpty may be omitted to allow changing either end of the search range. If lowpty is omitted, the - character is still required so that telnetd can differenti- ate highpty from lowpty. -s This option is only enabled if telnetd is compiled with sup- port for secure logins. It causes the -s option to be passed on to login(1), and thus is only useful if login(1) supports the -s flag to indicate that only Kerberos or S/Key validated logins are allowed, and is usually useful for con- trolling remote logins from outside of a firewall. -S tos -u len This option is used to specify the size of the field in the utmp structure that holds the remote host name. If the re- solved host name is longer than len, the dotted decimal val- ue will be used instead. This allows hosts with very long host names that overflow this field to still be uniquely identified. Specifying -u0 indicates that only dotted deci- mal addresses should be put into the utmp file. -U This option causes telnetd to refuse connections from ad- dresses that cannot be mapped back into a symbolic name via the gethostbyaddr(3) routine. -X authtype This option is only valid if telnetd has been built with support for the authentication option. It disables the use of authtype authentication, and can be used to temporarily disable a specific authentication type without having to re- compile telnetd. -4 -6 Specifies address family to be used on -debug mode. During normal operation (called from inetd(8)) telnetd will use the file descriptor passed from inetd(8). telnetd operates by allocating a pseudo-terminal device (see pty(4)) for a client, then creating a login process which has the slave side of the pseudo-terminal as stdin, stdout and stderr. telnetd manipulates the master side of the pseudo-terminal, implementing the TELNET protocol and passing characters between the remote client and the login process. When a TELNET session is started up, telnetd sends TELNET options to the client side indicating a willingness to do the following TELNET options, which are described in more detail below: DO AUTHENTICATION WILL ENCRYPT DO TERMINAL TYPE DO TSPEED DO XDISPLOC DO NEW-ENVIRON DO ENVIRON WILL SUPPRESS GO AHEAD DO ECHO DO LINEMODE DO NAWS WILL STATUS DO LFLOW DO TIMING-MARK The pseudo-terminal allocated to the client is configured to operate in cooked mode, and with XTABS and CRMOD enabled (see tty(4)). telnetd has support for enabling locally the following TELNET options: WILL ECHO When the LINEMODE option is enabled, a WILL ECHO or WONT ECHO will be sent to the client to indicate the current state of terminal echoing. When terminal echo is not desired, a WILL ECHO is sent to indicate that telnetd will take care of echoing any data that needs to be echoed to the terminal, and then nothing is echoed. When terminal echo is desired, a WONT ECHO is sent to indicate that telnetd will not be doing any terminal echoing, so the client should do any terminal echoing that is needed. WILL BINARY Indicates that the client is willing to send a 8 bits of data, rather than the normal 7 bits of the Network Virtual Terminal. WILL SGA Indicates that it will not be sending IAC GA, go ahead, commands. WILL STATUS Indicates a willingness to send the client, upon re- quest, of the current status of all TELNET options. WILL TIMING-MARK Whenever a DO TIMING-MARK command is received, it is always responded to with a WILL TIMING-MARK WILL LOGOUT When a DO LOGOUT is received, a WILL LOGOUT is sent in response, and the TELNET session is shut down. WILL ENCRYPT Only sent if telnetd is compiled with support for data encryption, and indicates a willingness to decrypt the data stream. telnetd has support for enabling remotely the following TELNET options: DO BINARY Sent to indicate that telnetd is willing to receive an 8 bit data stream. DO LFLOW Requests that the client handle flow control charac- ters remotely. DO ECHO This is not really supported, but is sent to identify a 4.2BSD telnet(1) client, which will improperly re- spond with WILL ECHO. If a WILL ECHO is received, a DONT ECHO will be sent in response. DO TERMINAL-TYPE Indicates a desire to be able to request the name of the type of terminal that is attached to the client side of the connection. DO SGA Indicates that it does not need to receive IAC GA, the go ahead command. DO NAWS Requests that the client inform the server when the window (display) size changes. DO TERMINAL-SPEED Indicates a desire to be able to request information about the speed of the serial line to which the client is attached. DO XDISPLOC Indicates a desire to be able to request the name of the X windows display that is associated with the tel- net client. DO NEW-ENVIRON Indicates a desire to be able to request environment variable information, as described in RFC 1572. DO ENVIRON Indicates a desire to be able to request environment variable information, as described in RFC 1408. DO LINEMODE Only sent if telnetd is compiled with support for linemode, and requests that the client do line by line processing. DO TIMING-MARK Only sent if telnetd is compiled with support for both linemode and kludge linemode, and the client responded with WONT LINEMODE. If the client responds with WILL TM, the it is assumed that the client supports kludge linemode. Note that the [-k] option can be used to disable this. DO AUTHENTICATION Only sent if telnetd is compiled with support for au- thentication, and indicates a willingness to receive authentication information for automatic login. DO ENCRYPT Only sent if telnetd is compiled with support for data encryption, and indicates a willingness to decrypt the data stream. At the end of a login session, telnetd invokes the ttyaction(3) facility with an action of "telnetd" and user "root" to execute site-specific com- mands.
FILES
/etc/services /etc/inittab (UNICOS systems only) /etc/iptos (if supported)
SEE ALSO
login(1), skey(1), telnet(1), ttyaction(3)
STANDARDS
RFC-854 TELNET PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION RFC-855 TELNET OPTION SPECIFICATIONS RFC-856 TELNET BINARY TRANSMISSION RFC-857 TELNET ECHO OPTION RFC-858 TELNET SUPPRESS GO AHEAD OPTION RFC-859 TELNET STATUS OPTION RFC-860 TELNET TIMING MARK OPTION RFC-861 TELNET EXTENDED OPTIONS - LIST OPTION RFC-885 TELNET END OF RECORD OPTION RFC-1073 Telnet Window Size Option RFC-1079 Telnet Terminal Speed Option RFC-1091 Telnet Terminal-Type Option RFC-1096 Telnet X Display Location Option RFC-1123 Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Application and Support RFC-1184 Telnet Linemode Option RFC-1372 Telnet Remote Flow Control Option RFC-1416 Telnet Authentication Option RFC-1411 Telnet Authentication: Kerberos Version 4 RFC-1412 Telnet Authentication: SPX RFC-1571 Telnet Environment Option Interoperability Issues RFC-1572 Telnet Environment Option
BUGS
Some TELNET commands are only partially implemented. Because of bugs in the original 4.2BSD telnet(1), telnetd performs some dubious protocol exchanges to try to discover if the remote client is, in fact, a 4.2BSD telnet(1). Binary mode has no common interpretation except between similar operating systems (UNIX in this case). The terminal type name received from the remote client is converted to lower case. telnetd never sends TELNET IAC GA (go ahead) commands. NetBSD 1.5.2 March 1, 1994 5
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