signal(3) - NetBSD Manual Pages

SIGNAL(3)                 NetBSD Programmer's Manual                 SIGNAL(3)


NAME

     signal - simplified software signal facilities


LIBRARY

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)


SYNOPSIS

     #include <signal.h>

     void
     (*signal(int sig, void (*func)());)()


DESCRIPTION

     This signal() facility is a simplified interface to the more general
     sigaction(2) facility.

     Signals allow the manipulation of a process from outside its domain as
     well as allowing the process to manipulate itself or copies of itself
     (children). There are two general types of signals: those that cause ter-
     mination of a process and those that do not.  Signals which cause termi-
     nation of a program might result from an irrecoverable error or might be
     the result of a user at a terminal typing the `interrupt' character.
     Signals are used when a process is stopped because it wishes to access
     its control terminal while in the background (see tty(4)).  Signals are
     optionally generated when a process resumes after being stopped, when the
     status of child processes changes, or when input is ready at the control
     terminal.  Most signals result in the termination of the process receiv-
     ing them if no action is taken; some signals instead cause the process
     receiving them to be stopped, or are simply discarded if the process has
     not requested otherwise.  Except for the SIGKILL and SIGSTOP signals, the
     signal() function allows for a signal to be caught, to be ignored, or to
     generate an interrupt.  These signals are defined in the file <signal.h>:

     Name              Default Action                      Description
     SIGHUP          terminate process       terminal line hangup
     SIGINT          terminate process       interrupt program
     SIGQUIT         create core image       quit program
     SIGILL          create core image       illegal instruction
     SIGTRAP         create core image       trace trap
     SIGABRT         create core image       abort(3) call (formerly SIGIOT)
     SIGEMT          create core image       emulate instruction executed
     SIGFPE          create core image       floating-point exception
     SIGKILL         terminate process       kill program
     SIGBUS          create core image       bus error
     SIGSEGV         create core image       segmentation violation
     SIGSYS          create core image       system call given invalid
                                             argument
     SIGPIPE         terminate process       write on a pipe with no reader
     SIGALRM         terminate process       real-time timer expired
     SIGTERM         terminate process       software termination signal
     SIGURG          discard signal          urgent condition present on
                                             socket
     SIGSTOP         stop process            stop (cannot be caught or
                                             ignored)
     SIGTSTP         stop process            stop signal generated from
                                             keyboard
     SIGCONT         discard signal          continue after stop
     SIGCHLD         discard signal          child status has changed
     SIGTTIN         stop process            background read attempted from
                                             control terminal
     SIGTTOU         stop process            background write attempted to
                                             control terminal
     SIGIO           discard signal          I/O is possible on a descriptor
                                             (see fcntl(2))
     SIGXCPU         terminate process       cpu time limit exceeded (see
                                             setrlimit(2))
     SIGXFSZ         terminate process       file size limit exceeded (see
                                             setrlimit(2))
     SIGVTALRM       terminate process       virtual time alarm (see
                                             setitimer(2))
     SIGPROF         terminate process       profiling timer alarm (see
                                             setitimer(2))
     SIGWINCH        discard signal          Window size change
     SIGINFO         discard signal          status request from keyboard
     SIGUSR1         terminate process       User defined signal 1
     SIGUSR2         terminate process       User defined signal 2

     The func procedure allows a user to choose the action upon receipt of a
     signal.  To set the default action of the signal to occur as listed
     above, func should be SIG_DFL.  A SIG_DFL resets the default action.  To
     ignore the signal func should be SIG_IGN.  This will cause subsequent in-
     stances of the signal to be ignored and pending instances to be discard-
     ed. If SIG_IGN is not used, further occurrences of the signal are auto-
     matically blocked and func is called.

     The handled signal is unblocked with the function returns and the process
     continues from where it left off when the signal occurred.  Unlike previ-
     ous signal facilities, the handler func() remains installed after a sig-
     nal has been delivered.

     For some system calls, if a signal is caught while the call is executing
     and the call is prematurely terminated, the call is automatically
     restarted.  (The handler is installed using the SA_RESTART flag with
     sigaction(2)).  The affected system calls include read(2), write(2),
     sendto(2), recvfrom(2), sendmsg(2) and recvmsg(2) on a communications
     channel or a low speed device and during a ioctl(2) or wait(2).  However,
     calls that have already committed are not restarted, but instead return a
     partial success (for example, a short read count).

     When a process which has installed signal handlers forks, the child pro-
     cess inherits the signals.  All caught signals may be reset to their de-
     fault action by a call to the execve(2) function; ignored signals remain
     ignored.


RETURN VALUES

     The previous action is returned on a successful call.  Otherwise, -1 is
     returned and  the global variable errno is set to indicate the error.


ERRORS

     signal() will fail and no action will take place if one of the following
     occur:

     [EINVAL]      Sig is not a valid signal number.

     [EINVAL]      An attempt is made to ignore or supply a handler for
                   SIGKILL or SIGSTOP.


SEE ALSO

     kill(1), ptrace(2), kill(2), sigaction(2), sigaltstack(2),
     sigprocmask(2), sigsuspend(2), setjmp(3), tty(4)


HISTORY

     This signal() facility appeared in 4.0BSD.

NetBSD 1.4                      April 19, 1994                               2