MAKEDEV(8)
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MAKEDEV(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual MAKEDEV(8)
NAME
MAKEDEV -- create system and device special files
SYNOPSIS
MAKEDEV [-fMsu] [-m mknod] [-p pax] [-t mtree] {special | device} [...]
DESCRIPTION
MAKEDEV is used to create system and device special files. As arguments
it takes the names of known devices, like sd0, or of special targets,
like all or std, which create a collection of device special files, or
local, which invokes MAKEDEV.local(8) with the all argument.
The script is in /dev/MAKEDEV. Devices are created in the current work-
ing directory; in normal use, MAKEDEV should be invoked with /dev as the
current working directory.
Supported options are:
-f Force permissions to be updated on existing devices. This
works only if MAKEDEV invokes mknod(8); it is not compatible
with the -p, -s, or -t options.
-M Create a memory file system, union mounted over the current
directory, to contain the device special files. The memory
file system is created using mount_tmpfs(8) or mount_mfs(8),
in that order of preference.
If the -M flag is specified more than once, then MAKEDEV
assumes that it is being invoked from init(8) to populate a
memory file system for /dev. In this case, MAKEDEV will also
redirect its output to the system console.
-m mknod Force the use of mknod(8), and specify the name or path to
the mknod(8) program. [Usually, $TOOL_MKNOD or mknod.]
-p pax Force the use of pax(1), and specify the name or path to the
pax(1) program. [Usually, $TOOL_PAX or pax.]
-s Generate an mtree(8) specfile instead of creating devices.
-t mtree Force the use of mtree(8), and specify the name or path to
the mtree(8) program. [Usually, $TOOL_MTREE or mtree.]
-u Don't re-create devices that already exist.
MAKEDEV has several possible methods of creating device nodes:
· By invoking the mknod(8) command once for each device node. This is
the traditional method, but it is slow because each device node is
created using a new process.
The -m option forces MAKEDEV to use the mknod(8) method.
· By internally creating a specfile in a format usable by mtree(8), and
providing the specfile on standard input to a pax(1) or mtree(8) com-
mand, invoked with options that request it to create the device nodes
as well as any necessary subdirectories. This is much faster than
creating device nodes with mknod(8), because it requires much fewer
processes; however, it's not compatible with the -f option.
The -p or -t options force MAKEDEV to use the pax(1) or mtree(8)
methods.
· If the -s option is specified, then MAKEDEV will not create device
nodes at all, but will output a specfile in a format usable by
mtree(8).
The -m, -p, -s, and -t flags are mutually exclusive. If none of these
flags is specified, then MAKEDEV will use mtree(8), pax(1), or mknod(8),
in that order of preference, depending on which commands appear to be
available and usable. In normal use, it's expected that mtree(8) will be
available, so it will be chosen. If MAKEDEV is invoked by init(8), it's
expected that mtree(8) will not be available, but pax(1) may be avail-
able.
The special targets supported on NetBSD are:
all Makes all known devices, including local devices. Tries to make
the 'standard' number of each type.
init A set of devices that is used for MFS /dev by init. May be
equal to ``all''.
floppy Devices to be put on install floppies
ramdisk Devices to be put into INSTALL kernel ramdisks.
std Standard devices
local Configuration specific devices
wscons Make wscons devices
usbs Make USB devices
isdns Make ISDN devices
Please note that any hash marks (``#'') in the following list of sup-
ported device targets must be replaced by digits when calling MAKEDEV:
Tapes:
st# SCSI tapes, see st(4)
wt# QIC-interfaced (e.g. not SCSI) 3M cartridge tape, see
wt(4)
ht# MASSBUS TM03 and TU??, see vax/ht(4)
mt# MSCP tapes (e.g. TU81, TK50), see vax/mt(4)
tm# UNIBUS TM11 and TE10 emulations (e.g. Emulex TC-11), see
vax/tm(4)
ts# UNIBUS TS11, see vax/ts(4)
ut# UNIBUS TU45 emulations (e.g. si 9700), see vax/ut(4)
uu# TU58 cassettes on DL11 controller, see vax/uu(4)
Disks:
ccd# Concatenated disk devices, see ccd(4)
cd# SCSI or ATAPI CD-ROM, see cd(4)
cgd# Cryptographic disk devices, see cgd(4)
raid# RAIDframe disk devices, see raid(4)
sd# SCSI disks, see sd(4)
wd# ``winchester'' disk drives (ST506,IDE,ESDI,RLL,...), see
wd(4)
bmd# Nereid bank memory disks, see x68k/bmd(4)
ed# IBM PS/2 ESDI disk devices, see edc(4)
fd# ``floppy'' disk drives (3 1/2", 5 1/4"), see
amiga/fdc(4), sparc64/fdc(4), x86/fdc(4)
fss# Files system snapshot devices, see fss(4)
gdrom# Dreamcast ``gigadisc'' CD-ROM drive, see
dreamcast/gdrom(4)
hk# UNIBUS RK06 and RK07, see vax/hk(4)
hp# MASSBUS RM??, see vax/hp(4)
ld# Logical disk devices (e.g., hardware RAID), see ld(4)
mcd# Mitsumi CD-ROM, see mcd(4)
md# Memory pseudo-disk devices, see md(4)
ofdisk# OpenFirmware disk devices
ra# MSCP disks (RA??, RD??)
rb# 730 IDC w/ RB80 and/or RB02
rd# HDC9224 RD disks on VS2000, see hp300/rd(4)
rl# UNIBUS RL02, see vax/rl(4)
rx# MSCP floppy disk (RX33/50/...)
up# Other UNIBUS devices (e.g. on Emulex SC-21V controller),
see vax/up(4)
vnd# ``file'' pseudo-disks, see vnd(4)
xbd# Xen virtual disks, see xbd(4)
xd# Xylogic 753/7053 disks, see sparc/xd(4)
xy# Xylogic 450/451 disks, see sparc/xy(4)
Pointing devices:
wsmouse# wscons mouse events, see wsmouse(4)
lms# Logitech bus mouse, see i386/lms(4)
mms# Microsoft bus mouse, see dreamcast/mms(4), i386/mms(4)
qms# ``quadrature mouse'', see acorn32/qms(4)
pms# PS/2 mouse
mouse Mouse (provides events, for X11)
Keyboard devices:
wskbd# wscons keyboard events, see wskbd(4)
kbd Raw keyboard (provides events, for X11), see
sparc/kbd(4), sun2/kbd(4), sun3/kbd(4)
kbdctl Keyboard control
Terminals/Console ports:
tty[01]# Standard serial ports, see tty(4)
tty0# SB1250 (``sbscn'') serial ports (sbmips), see tty(4)
ttyE# wscons - Workstation console (``wscons'') glass-tty emu-
lators
ttyCZ? Cyclades-Z multiport serial boards. Each ``unit'' makes
64 ports., see cz(4)
ttyCY? Cyclom-Y multiport serial boards. Each ``unit'' makes 32
ports., see cy(4)
ttye# ITE bitmapped consoles, see amiga/ite(4)
ttyv0 pccons
ttyC? NS16550 (``com'') serial ports
ttyS# SA1110 serial port (hpcarm)
ttyTX? TX39 internal serial ports (hpcmips)
ttyB? DEC 3000 ZS8530 (``scc'') serial ports (alpha), see
scc(4)
ttyA# Mfc serial ports (amiga)
ttyB# Msc serial ports (amiga)
ttyC# Com style serial ports (DraCo, HyperCom) (amiga) On the
DraCo, units 0 and 1 are the built-in ``modem'' and
``mouse'' ports, if configured.
ttyA0 8530 Channel A (formerly ser02) (atari)
ttyA1 8530 Channel B (formerly mdm02) (atari)
ttyB0 UART on first 68901 (formerly mdm01) (atari)
ixpcom IXP12x0 COM ports
epcom EP93xx COM ports
ttyM? HP200/300 4 port serial mux interface (hp300)
ttya ``ttya'' system console (luna68k)
ttyb Second system serial port (luna68k)
tty# Onboard serial ports (mvme68k) On the mvme147 these are:
ttyZ1, ttyZ2 and ttyZ3. On the mvme167, and '177: ttyC1,
ttyC2 and ttyC3. Note that tty[CZ]0 is grabbed by the
console device so is not created by default, see tty(4)
dc# PMAX 4 channel serial interface (kbd, mouse, modem,
printer)
scc# 82530 serial interface (pmax), see scc(4)
ttyZ# Zilog 8530 (``zstty'') serial ports, see zstty(4)
tty[abcd] Built-in serial ports (sparc)
tty# Z88530 serial controllers (sparc64), see tty(4)
ttyh# SAB82532 serial controllers (sparc64), see sparc64/sab(4)
tty[a-j] Built-in serial ports (sun2, sun3)
ttyC? pccons (arc)
dz# UNIBUS DZ11 and DZ32 (vax), see emips/dz(4), vax/dz(4)
dh# UNIBUS DH11 and emulations (e.g. Able DMAX, Emulex CS-11)
(vax), see vax/dh(4)
dmf# UNIBUS DMF32 (vax), see vax/dmf(4)
dhu# UNIBUS DHU11 (vax), see vax/dhu(4)
dmz# UNIBUS DMZ32 (vax), see vax/dmz(4)
dl# UNIBUS DL11 (vax), see vax/dl(4)
xencons Xen virtual console
Terminal multiplexors:
dc# 4 channel serial interface (keyboard, mouse, modem,
printer)
dh# UNIBUS DH11 and emulations (e.g. Able DMAX, Emulex
CS-11), see vax/dh(4)
dhu# UNIBUS DHU11, see vax/dhu(4)
dl# UNIBUS DL11, see vax/dl(4)
dmf# UNIBUS DMF32, see vax/dmf(4)
dmz# UNIBUS DMZ32, see vax/dmz(4)
dz# UNIBUS DZ11 and DZ32, see emips/dz(4), vax/dz(4)
scc# 82530 serial interface, see scc(4)
Call units:
dn# UNIBUS DN11 and emulations (e.g. Able Quadracall), see
vax/dn(4)
Pseudo terminals:
ptm Pty multiplexor device, and pts directory, see ptm(4)
pty# Set of 16 master and slave pseudo terminals, see pty(4)
opty First 16 ptys, to save inodes on install media
ipty First 2 ptys, for install media use only
Printers:
arcpp# Archimedes parallel port
lpt# Stock lp, see lpt(4), acorn32/lpt(4), mvme68k/lpt(4),
x86/lpt(4)
lpa# Interruptless lp
par# Amiga motherboard parallel port
cpi# Macintosh Nubus CSI parallel printer card, see
mac68k/cpi(4)
USB devices:
usb# USB control devices, see usb(4)
uhid# USB generic HID devices, see uhid(4)
ulpt# USB printer devices, see ulpt(4)
ugen# USB generic devices, see ugen(4)
urio# USB Diamond Rio 500 devices, see urio(4)
uscanner# USB scanners, see uscanner(4)
ttyHS# USB Option N.V. modems
ttyU# USB modems, see ucom(4)
ttyY# USB serial adapters
ISDN devices:
isdn Communication between userland isdnd and kernel, see
isdn(4)
isdnctl Control device, see isdnctl(4)
isdnbchan# Raw b-channel access, see isdnbchan(4)
isdntel# Telephony device, see isdntel(4)
isdnteld# Telephony dialout device
isdntrc# Trace device, see isdntrc(4)
Video devices:
bwtwo# Monochromatic frame buffer, see sparc/bwtwo(4),
sun2/bwtwo(4), sun3/bwtwo(4)
cgtwo# 8-bit color frame buffer, see sparc/cgtwo(4),
sun3/cgtwo(4)
cgthree# 8-bit color frame buffer, see sparc/cgthree(4)
cgfour# 8-bit color frame buffer, see sparc/cgfour(4),
sun3/cgfour(4)
cgsix# Accelerated 8-bit color frame buffer, see sparc/cgsix(4)
cgeight# 24-bit color frame buffer, see sparc/cgeight(4)
etvme Tseng et-compatible cards on VME (atari)
ik# UNIBUS interface to Ikonas frame buffer, see vax/ik(4)
leo Circad Leonardo VME-bus true color (atari)
ps# UNIBUS interface to Picture System 2, see vax/ps(4)
qv# QVSS (MicroVAX) display
tcx# Accelerated 8/24-bit color frame buffer, see sparc/tcx(4)
Maple bus devices:
maple Maple bus control devices, see dreamcast/maple(4)
mlcd# Maple bus LCD devices, see dreamcast/mlcd(4)
mmem# Maple bus storage devices, see dreamcast/mmem(4)
IEEE1394 bus devices:
fw# IEEE1394 bus generic node access devices
fwmem# IEEE1394 bus physical memory of the remote node access
devices
Special purpose devices:
ad# UNIBUS interface to Data Translation A/D converter, see
vax/ad(4)
agp# AGP GART devices, see agp(4)
altq ALTQ control interface, see altq(4)
amr# AMI MegaRaid control device, see amr(4)
apm Power management device, see i386/apm(4)
audio# Audio devices, see audio(4)
bell# OPM bell device (x68k)
bktr Brooktree 848/849/878/879 based TV cards, see bktr(4)
bpf Packet filter, see bpf(4)
bthub Bluetooth Device Hub control interface, see bthub(4)
cfs# Coda file system device
ch# SCSI media changer, see ch(4)
cir# Consumer IR, see cir(4)
clockctl Clock control for non root users, see clockctl(4)
cpuctl CPU control
crypto Hardware crypto access driver, see crypto(4)
dmoverio Hardware-assisted data movers, see dmoverio(4)
dpt# DPT/Adaptec EATA RAID management interface, see dpt(4)
dpti# DPT/Adaptec I2O RAID management interface, see dpti(4)
drm# Direct Rendering Manager interface, see drm(4)
dtv# Digital TV interface, see dtv(4)
fb# PMAX generic framebuffer pseudo-device
fd File descriptors
grf# Graphics frame buffer device, see amiga/grf(4)
hdaudio# High Definition audio control device, see hdaudio(4)
hil HP300 HIL input devices, see hil(4)
icp ICP-Vortex/Intel RAID control interface, see icp(4)
iic# IIC bus device, see iic(4)
io X86 IOPL access for COMPAT_10, COMPAT_FREEBSD, see
hp700/io(4), i386/io(4)
iop# I2O IOP control interface, see iop(4)
ipl IP Filter
irframe# IrDA physical frame, see irframe(4)
ite# Terminal emulator interface to HP300 graphics devices,
see amiga/ite(4)
joy# Joystick device, see joy(4)
kttcp Kernel ttcp helper device, see kttcp(4)
lockstat Kernel locking statistics
magma# Magma multiport serial/parallel cards, see sparc/magma(4)
midi# MIDI, see midi(4)
mlx# Mylex DAC960 control interface, see mlx(4)
mly# Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID control interface, see
mly(4)
np# UNIBUS Ethernet co-processor interface, for downloading.,
see vax/np(4)
npf NPF packet filter
nsmb# SMB requester, see nsmb(4)
openfirm OpenFirmware accessor
pad# Pseudo-audio device driver, see pad(4)
pci# PCI bus access devices, see pci(4)
pf PF packet filter
putter Pass-to-Userspace Transporter
px# PixelStamp Xserver access, see px(4)
radio# Radio devices, see radio(4)
random Random number generator, see rnd(4)
rtc# RealTimeClock, see atari/rtc(4), evbppc/rtc(4),
hp300/rtc(4)
satlink# PlanetConnect satellite receiver driver
scsibus# SCSI busses, see scsi(4)
se# SCSI Ethernet, see se(4)
ses# SES/SAF-TE SCSI Devices, see ses(4)
speaker PC speaker, see speaker(4)
sram Battery backuped memory (x68k)
ss# SCSI scanner, see ss(4)
stic# PixelStamp interface chip
sysmon System Monitoring hardware, see envsys(4)
tap# Virtual Ethernet device, see tap(4)
tun# Network tunnel driver, see tun(4)
twa 3ware Apache control interface, see twa(4)
twe 3ware Escalade control interface, see twe(4)
uk# Unknown SCSI device, see uk(4)
veriexec Veriexec fingerprint loader, see veriexec(4)
video# Video capture devices, see video(4)
view# Generic interface to graphic displays (Amiga)
vmegen# Generic VME access
wsfont# Console font control, see wsfont(4)
wsmux# wscons event multiplexor, see wsmux(4)
xenevt Xen event interface
iSCSI communication devices
iscsi# ISCSI driver and /sbin/iscsid communication
ENVIRONMENT
The following environment variables affect the execution of MAKEDEV:
MAKEDEV_AS_LIBRARY
If this is set, then MAKEDEV will define several shell functions
and then return, ignoring all its command line options and argu-
ments. This is used to enable MAKEDEV.local(8) to use the shell
functions defined in MAKEDEV.
FILES
/dev special device files directory
/dev/MAKEDEV script described in this man page
/dev/MAKEDEV.local script for site-specific devices
DIAGNOSTICS
If the script reports an error that is difficult to understand, you can
get more debugging output by using
sh -x MAKEDEV argument.
SEE ALSO
config(1), pax(1), intro(4), diskless(8), init(8), MAKEDEV.local(8),
mknod(8), mount_mfs(8), mount_tmpfs(8), mtree(8)
HISTORY
The MAKEDEV command appeared in 4.2BSD. The -f, -m, and -s options were
added in NetBSD 2.0. The -p, -t, and -M options were added in
NetBSD 5.0. The ability to be used as a function library was added in
NetBSD 5.0.
BUGS
The -f option is not compatible with the use of mtree(8) or pax(1).
NOTES
Not all devices listed in this manpage are supported on all platforms.
This man page is generated automatically from the same sources as
/dev/MAKEDEV, in which the device files are not always sorted, which may
result in an unusual (non-alphabetical) order.
In order to allow a diskless NetBSD client to obtain its /dev directory
from a file server running a foreign operating system, one of the follow-
ing techniques may be useful to populate a directory of device nodes on
the foreign server:
· If the foreign server is sufficiently similar to NetBSD, run MAKEDEV
in an appropriate directory of the foreign server, using the -m flag
to refer to a script that converts from command line arguments that
would be usable with the NetBSD mknod(8) command to the equivalent
commands for the foreign server.
· Run MAKEDEV with the -s flag to generate an mtree(8) specification
file; this can be done on any host with a POSIX-compliant shell and a
few widely-available utilities. Use the pax(1) command with the -w
-M flags to convert the mtree(8) specification file into an archive
in a format that supports device nodes (such as ustar format); this
can be done on a NetBSD host, or can be done in a cross-build envi-
ronment using TOOLDIR/bin/nbpax. Finally, use apropriate tools on
the foreign server to unpack the archive and create the device nodes.
NetBSD 6.0.3 January 21, 2012 NetBSD 6.0.3
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