rwlock(9) - NetBSD Manual Pages

RWLOCK(9)              NetBSD Kernel Developer's Manual              RWLOCK(9)


NAME
rw, rw_init, rw_destroy, rw_enter, rw_exit, rw_tryenter, rw_tryupgrade, rw_downgrade, rw_read_held, rw_write_held, rw_lock_held -- reader / writer lock primitives
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/rwlock.h> void rw_init(krwlock_t *rw); void rw_destroy(krwlock_t *rw); void rw_enter(krwlock_t *rw, const krw_t op); void rw_exit(krwlock_t *rw); int rw_tryenter(krwlock_t *rw, const krw_t op); int rw_tryupgrade(krwlock_t *rw); void rw_downgrade(krwlock_t *rw); int rw_read_held(krwlock_t *rw); int rw_write_held(krwlock_t *rw); int rw_lock_held(krwlock_t *rw); options DIAGNOSTIC options LOCKDEBUG
DESCRIPTION
Reader / writer locks (RW locks) are used in the kernel to synchronize access to an object among LWPs (lightweight processes) and soft interrupt handlers. In addition to the capabilities provided by mutexes, RW locks distinguish between read (shared) and write (exclusive) access. RW locks are intended to provide protection for kernel data or objects that are read much more frequently than updated. For objects that are updated as fre- quently as they are read, mutexes should be used to guarantee atomic access. RW locks are in one of three distinct states at any given time: Unlocked The lock is not held. Read locked The lock holders intend to read the protected object. Mul- tiple callers may hold a RW lock with ``read intent'' simultaneously. Write locked The lock holder intends to update the protected object. Only one caller may hold a RW lock with ``write intent''. The krwlock_t type provides storage for the RW lock object. This should be treated as an opaque object and not examined directly by consumers. Note that the these interfaces must not be used from a hardware interrupt handler.
OPTIONS AND MACROS
options DIANOSTIC Kernels compiled with the DIAGNOSTIC option perform basic sanity checks on RW lock operations. options LOCKDEBUG Kernels compiled with the LOCKDEBUG option perform potentially CPU intensive sanity checks on RW lock operations.
FUNCTIONS
rw_init(rw) Initialize a lock for use. No other operations can be performed on the lock until it has been initialized. rw_destroy(rw) Release resources used by a lock. The lock may not be used after it has been destroyed. rw_enter(rw, op) If RW_READER is specified as the argument to op, acquire a read lock. If the lock is write held, the caller will block and not return until the hold is acquired. Callers must not recursively acquire read locks. If RW_WRITER is specified, acquire a write lock. If the lock is already held, the caller will block and not return until the hold is acquired. RW locks and other types of locks must always be acquired in a con- sistent order with respect to each other. Otherwise, the potential for system deadlock exists. rw_exit(rw) Release a lock. The lock must have been previously acquired by the caller. rw_tryenter(rw, op) Try to acquire a lock, but do not block if the lock is already held. If the lock is acquired successfully, return non-zero. Oth- erwise, return zero. Valid arguments to op are RW_READER or RW_WRITER. rw_tryupgrade(rw) Try to upgrade a lock from one read hold to a write hold. If the lock is upgraded successfully, returns non-zero. Otherwise, returns zero. rw_downgrade(rw) Downgrade a lock from a write hold to a read hold. rw_write_held(rw) rw_read_held(rw) rw_lock_held(rw) Test the lock's condition and return non-zero if the lock is held (potentially by the current LWP) and matches the specified condi- tion. Otherwise, return zero. These functions must never be used to make locking decisions at run time: they are provided only for diagnostic purposes.
CODE REFERENCES
This section describes places within the NetBSD source tree where code implementing RW locks can be found. All pathnames are relative to /usr/src. The core of the RW lock implementation is in sys/kern/kern_rwlock.c. The header file sys/sys/rwlock.h describes the public interface, and interfaces that machine-dependent code must provide to support RW locks.
SEE ALSO
condvar(9), mb(9), mutex(9) Jim Mauro and Richard McDougall, Solaris Internals: Core Kernel Architecture, Prentice Hall, 2001, ISBN 0-13-022496-0.
HISTORY
The RW lock primitives first appeared in NetBSD 5.0. NetBSD 5.1 December 4, 2007 NetBSD 5.1

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