PCMCIA(9) NetBSD Kernel Developer's Manual PCMCIA(9)
NAME
PCMCIA, pcmcia_function_init, pcmcia_function_enable, pcmcia_function_disable, pcmcia_io_alloc, pcmcia_io_free, pcmcia_io_map, pcmcia_io_unmap, pcmcia_mem_alloc, pcmcia_mem_free, pcmcia_mem_map, pcmcia_mem_unmap, pcmcia_intr_establish, pcmcia_intr_disestablish, pcmcia_cis_read_1, pcmcia_cis_read_2, pcmcia_cis_read_3, pcmcia_cis_read_4, pcmcia_cis_read_n, pcmcia_scan_cis -- support for PCM- CIA PC-Card devices
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/bus.h> #include <dev/pcmcia/pcmciareg.h> #include <dev/pcmcia/pcmciavar.h> #include <dev/pcmcia/pcmciadevs.h> void pcmcia_function_init(struct pcmcia_function *pf, struct pcmcia_config_entry *cfe); int pcmcia_function_enable(struct pcmcia_function *pf); void pcmcia_function_disable(struct pcmcia_function *pf); int pcmcia_io_alloc(struct pcmcia_function *pf, bus_addr_t start, bus_size_t size, bus_size_t align, struct pcmcia_io_handle *pciop); void pcmcia_io_free(struct pcmcia_function *pf, struct pcmcia_io_handle *pcihp); int pcmcia_io_map(struct pcmcia_function *pf, int width, struct pcmcia_io_handle *pcihp, int *windowp); void pcmcia_io_unmap(struct pcmcia_function *pf, int window); int pcmcia_mem_alloc(struct pcmcia_function *pf, bus_size_t size, struct pcmcia_mem_handle *pcmhp); void pcmcia_mem_free(struct pcmcia_function *pf, struct pcmcia_mem_handle *pcmhp); int pcmcia_mem_map(struct pcmcia_function *pf, int width, bus_addr_t card_addr, bus_size_t size, struct pcmcia_mem_handle *pcmhp, bus_size_t *offsetp, int *windowp); void pcmcia_mem_unmap(struct pcmcia_function *pf, int window); void * pcmcia_intr_establish(struct pcmcia_function *pf, int level, int (*handler)(void *), void *arg); void pcmcia_intr_disestablish(struct pcmcia_function *pf, void *ih); uint8_t pcmcia_cis_read_1(struct pcmcia_tuple *tuple, int index); uint16_t pcmcia_cis_read_2(struct pcmcia_tuple *tuple, int index); uint32_t pcmcia_cis_read_3(struct pcmcia_tuple *tuple, int index); uint32_t pcmcia_cis_read_4(struct pcmcia_tuple *tuple, int index); uint32_t pcmcia_cis_read_n(struct pcmcia_tuple *tuple, int number, int index); int pcmcia_scan_cis(struct device *dev, int (*func)(struct pcmcia_tuple *, void *), void *arg);
DESCRIPTION
The machine-independent PCMCIA subsystem provides support for PC-Card devices defined by the Personal Computer Memory Card International Asso- ciation (PCMCIA). The PCMCIA bus supports insertion and removal of cards while a system is powered-on (ie, dynamic reconfiguration). The socket must be powered-off when a card is not present. To the user, this appears as though the socket is "hot" during insertion and removal events. A PCMCIA controller interfaces the PCMCIA bus with the ISA or PCI busses on the host system. The controller is responsible for detecting and enabling devices and for allocating and mapping resources such as memory and interrupts to devices on the PCMCIA bus. Each device has a table called the Card Information Structure (CIS) which contains configuration information. The tuples in the CIS are used by the controller to uniquely identify the device. Additional information may be present in the CIS, such as the ethernet MAC address, that can be accessed and used within a device driver. Devices on the PCMCIA bus are uniquely identified by a 32-bit manufac- turer ID and a 32-bit product ID. Additionally, devices can perform mul- tiple functions (such as ethernet and modem) and these functions are identified by a function ID. PCMCIA devices do not support DMA, however memory on the device can be mapped into the address space of the host.
DATA TYPES
Drivers attached to the PCMCIA bus will make use of the following data types: struct pcmcia_card Devices (cards) have their identity recorded in this structure. It contains the following members: char *cis1_info[4]; int32_t manufacturer; int32_t product; uint16_t error; SIMPLEQ_HEAD(, pcmcia_function) pf_head; struct pcmcia_function Identifies the function of the devices. A device can have mul- tiple functions. Consider it an opaque type for identifying a particular function of a device. struct pcmcia_config_entry Contains information about the resources requested by the device. It contains the following members: int number; uint32_t flags; int iftype; int num_iospace; u_long iomask; struct { u_long length; u_long start; } iospace[4]; uint16_t irqmask; int num_memspace; struct { u_long length; u_long cardaddr; u_long hostaddr; } memspace[2]; int maxtwins; SIMPLEQ_ENTRY(pcmcia_config_entry) cfe_list; struct pcmcia_tuple A handle for identifying an entry in the CIS. struct pcmcia_io_handle A handle for mapping and allocating I/O address spaces. It con- tains the tag and handle for accessing the bus-space. struct pcmcia_mem_handle A handle for mapping and allocating memory address spaces. It contains the tag and handle for accessing the bus-space. struct pcmcia_attach_args A structure used to inform the driver of the device properties. It contains the following members: int32_t manufacturer; int32_t product; struct pcmcia_card *card; struct pcmcia_function *pf;
FUNCTIONS
pcmcia_function_init(pf, cfe) Initialise the machine-independent PCMCIA state with the config entry cfe. pcmcia_function_enable(pf) Provide power to the socket containing the device specified by device function pf. pcmcia_function_disable(pf) Remove power from the socket containing the device specified by device function pf. pcmcia_io_alloc(pf, start, size, align, pciop) Request I/O space for device function pf at address start of size size. Alignment is specified by align. A handle for the I/O space is returned in pciop. pcmcia_io_free(pf, pcihp) Release I/O space with handle pcihp for device function pf. pcmcia_io_map(pf, width, pcihp, windowp) Map device I/O for device function pf to the I/O space with han- dle pcihp. The width of data access is specified by width. Valid values for the width are: PCMCIA_WIDTH_AUTO Use the largest I/O width reported by the device. PCMCIA_WIDTH_IO8 Force 8-bit I/O width. PCMCIA_WIDTH_IO16 Force 16-bit I/O width. A handle for the mapped I/O window is returned in windowp. pcmcia_io_unmap(pf, window) Unmap the I/O window window for device function pf. pcmcia_mem_alloc(pf, size, pcmhp) Request memory space for device function pf of size size. A handle for the memory space is returned in pcmhp. pcmcia_mem_free(pf, pcmhp) Release memory space with handle pcmhp for device function pf. pcmcia_mem_map(pf, width, card_addr, size, pcmhp, offsetp, windowp) Map device memory for device function pf to the memory space with handle pcmhp. The address of the device memory starts at card_addr and is size size. The width of data access is speci- fied by width. Valid values for the width are: PCMCIA_WIDTH_MEM8 Force 8-bit memory width. PCMCIA_WIDTH_MEM16 Force 16-bit memory width. A handle for the mapped memory window is returned in windowp and a bus-space offset into the memory window is returned in offsetp. pcmcia_mem_unmap(pf, window) Unmap the memory window window for device function pf. pcmcia_intr_establish(pf, level, handler, arg) Establish an interrupt handler for device function pf. The pri- ority of the interrupt is specified by level. When the inter- rupt occurs the function handler is called with argument arg. The return value is a handle for the interrupt handler. pcmcia_intr_establish() returns an opaque handle to an event descriptor if it succeeds, and returns NULL on failure. pcmcia_intr_disestablish(pf, ih) Dis-establish the interrupt handler for device function pf with handle ih. The handle was returned from pcmcia_intr_establish(). pcmcia_cis_read_1(tuple, index) Read one byte from tuple tuple at index index in the CIS. pcmcia_cis_read_2(tuple, index) Read two bytes from tuple tuple at index index in the CIS. pcmcia_cis_read_3(tuple, index) Read three bytes from tuple tuple at index index in the CIS. pcmcia_cis_read_4(tuple, index) Read four bytes from tuple tuple at index index in the CIS. pcmcia_cis_read_n(tuple, number, index) Read n bytes from tuple tuple at index index in the CIS. pcmcia_scan_cis(dev, func, arg) Scan the CIS for device dev. For each tuple in the CIS, func- tion func is called with the tuple and the argument arg. func should return 0 if the tuple it was called with is the one it was looking for, or 1 otherwise.
AUTOCONFIGURATION
During autoconfiguration, a PCMCIA driver will receive a pointer to struct pcmcia_attach_args describing the device attached to the PCMCIA bus. Drivers match the device using the manufacturer and product mem- bers. During the driver attach step, drivers will use the pcmcia function pf. The driver should traverse the list of config entries searching for a useful configuration. This config entry is passed to pcmcia_function_init() to initialise the machine-independent interface. I/O and memory resources should be initialised using pcmcia_io_alloc() and pcmcia_mem_alloc() using the specified resources in the config entry. These resources can then be mapped into processor bus space using pcmcia_io_map() and pcmcia_mem_map() respectively. Upon successful allo- cation of resources, power can be applied to the device with pcmcia_function_enable() so that device-specific interrogation can be performed. Finally, power should be removed from the device using pcmcia_function_disable(). Since PCMCIA devices support dynamic configuration, drivers should make use of pmf(9) framework. Power can be applied and the interrupt handler should be established through this interface.
DMA SUPPORT
PCMCIA devices do not support DMA.
CODE REFERENCES
The PCMCIA subsystem itself is implemented within the file sys/dev/pcmcia/pcmcia.c. The database of known devices exists within the file sys/dev/pcmcia/pcmciadevs_data.h and is generated automatically from the file sys/dev/pcmcia/pcmciadevs. New manufacturer and product identi- fiers should be added to this file. The database can be regenerated using the Makefile sys/dev/pcmcia/Makefile.pcmciadevs.
SEE ALSO
pcic(4), pcmcia(4), tcic(4), autoconf(9), bus_dma(9), bus_space(9), driver(9) Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA), PC Card 95 Standard, 1995.
HISTORY
The machine-independent PCMCIA subsystem appeared in NetBSD 1.3. NetBSD 10.1 April 15, 2010 NetBSD 10.1
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