TELNET(1) NetBSD Reference Manual TELNET(1)
NAME
telnet - user interface to the TELNET protocol
SYNOPSIS
telnet [-8] [-E] [-F] [-K] [-L] [-S tos] [-X authtype] [-a] [-c] [-d] [-e escapechar] [-f] [-k realm] [-l user] [-n tracefile] [-r] [-x] [host [port]]
DESCRIPTION
The telnet command is used to communicate with another host using the TELNET protocol. If telnet is invoked without the host argument, it en- ters command mode, indicated by its prompt (telnet>). In this mode, it accepts and executes the commands listed below. If it is invoked with arguments, it performs an open command with those arguments. Options: -8 Specifies an 8-bit data path. This causes an attempt to negoti- ate the TELNET BINARY option on both input and output. -E Stops any character from being recognized as an escape character. -F If Kerberos V5 authentication is being used, the -F option allows the local credentials to be forwarded to the remote system, in- cluding any credentials that have already been forwarded into the local environment. -K Specifies no automatic login to the remote system. -L Specifies an 8-bit data path on output. This causes the BINARY option to be negotiated on output. -S tos Sets the IP type-of-service (TOS) option for the telnet connec- tion to the value tos, which can be a numeric TOS value or, on systems that support it, a symbolic TOS name found in the /etc/iptos file. -X atype Disables the atype type of authentication. -a Attempt automatic login. Currently, this sends the user name via the USER variable of the ENVIRON option if supported by the re- mote system. The name used is that of the current user as re- turned by getlogin(2) if it agrees with the current user ID, oth- erwise it is the name associated with the user ID. -c Disables the reading of the user's .telnetrc file. (See the toggle skiprc command on this man page.) -d Sets the initial value of the debug toggle to TRUE. -e escape char Sets the initial telnet escape character to escape char. If escape char is omitted, then there will be no escape character. -f If Kerberos V5 authentication is being used, the -f option allows the local credentials to be forwarded to the remote system. -k realm If Kerberos authentication is being used, the -k option requests that telnet obtain tickets for the remote host in realm realm in- stead of the remote host's realm, as determined by krb_realmofhost(3). -l user When connecting to the remote system, if the remote system under- stands the ENVIRON option, then user will be sent to the remote system as the value for the variable USER. This option implies the -a option. This option may also be used with the open com- mand. -n tracefile Opens tracefile for recording trace information. See the set tracefile command below. -r Specifies a user interface similar to rlogin(1). In this mode, the escape character is set to the tilde (~) character, unless modified by the -e option. -x Turns on encryption of the data stream if possible. This option is not available outside of the United States and Canada. host Indicates the official name, an alias, or the Internet address of a remote host. port Indicates a port number (address of an application). If a number is not specified, the default telnet port is used. When in rlogin mode, a line of the form ~. disconnects from the remote host; ~ is the telnet escape character. Similarly, the line ~^Z suspends the telnet session. The line ~^] escapes to the normal telnet escape prompt. Once a connection has been opened, telnet will attempt to enable the TELNET LINEMODE option. If this fails, then telnet will revert to one of two input modes: either ``character at a time'' or ``old line by line'' depending on what the remote system supports. When LINEMODE is enabled, character processing is done on the local sys- tem, under the control of the remote system. When input editing or char- acter echoing is to be disabled, the remote system will relay that infor- mation. The remote system will also relay changes to any special charac- ters that happen on the remote system, so that they can take effect on the local system. In ``character at a time'' mode, most text typed is immediately sent to the remote host for processing. In ``old line by line'' mode, all text is echoed locally, and (normally) only completed lines are sent to the remote host. The ``local echo char- acter'' (initially ``^E'') may be used to turn off and on the local echo (this would mostly be used to enter passwords without the password being echoed). If the LINEMODE option is enabled, or if the localchars toggle is TRUE (the default for ``old line by line``; see below), the user's quit, intr, and flush characters are trapped locally, and sent as TELNET protocol se- quences to the remote side. If LINEMODE has ever been enabled, then the user's susp and eof are also sent as TELNET protocol sequences, and quit is sent as a TELNET ABORT instead of BREAK. There are options (see toggle autoflush and toggle autosynch below) which cause this action to flush subsequent output to the terminal (until the remote host acknowl- edges the TELNET sequence) and flush previous terminal input (in the case of quit and intr). While connected to a remote host, telnet command mode may be entered by typing the telnet ``escape character'' (initially ``^]''). When in com- mand mode, the normal terminal editing conventions are available. The following telnet commands are available. Only enough of each command to uniquely identify it need be typed (this is also true for arguments to the mode, set, toggle, unset, slc, environ, and display commands). auth argument ... The auth command manipulates the information sent through the TELNET AUTHENTICATE option. Valid arguments for the auth com- mand are as follows: disable type Disables the specified type of authentication. To obtain a list of available types, use the auth disable ? command. enable type Enables the specified type of authentication. To obtain a list of available types, use the auth enable ? command. status Lists the current status of the various types of authentication. close Close a TELNET session and return to command mode. display argument ... Displays all, or some, of the set and toggle values (see be- low). encrypt argument ... The encrypt command manipulates the information sent through the TELNET ENCRYPT option. Note: Because of export controls, the TELNET ENCRYPT option is not supported outside of the United States and Canada. Valid arguments for the encrypt command are: disable type [input|output] Disables the specified type of encryption. If you omit the input and output, both input and output are disabled. To obtain a list of avail- able types, use the encrypt disable ? command. enable type [input|output] Enables the specified type of encryption. If you omit input and output, both input and output are enabled. To obtain a list of available types, use the encrypt enable ? command. input This is the same as the encrypt start input com- mand. -input This is the same as the encrypt stop input com- mand. output This is the same as the encrypt start output command. -output This is the same as the encrypt stop output com- mand. start [input|output] Attempts to start encryption. If you omit input and output, both input and output are enabled. To obtain a list of available types, use the encrypt enable ? command. status Lists the current status of encryption. stop [input|output] Stops encryption. If you omit input and output, encryption is on both input and output. type type Sets the default type of encryption to be used with later encrypt start or encrypt stop com- mands. environ arguments... The environ command is used to manipulate the variables that may be sent through the TELNET ENVIRON option. The initial set of variables is taken from the users environment, with on- ly the DISPLAY and PRINTER variables being exported by de- fault. The USER variable is also exported if the -a or -l op- tions are used. Valid arguments for the environ command are: define variable value Define the variable variable to have a value of value. Any variables defined by this command are automatically exported. The value may be enclosed in single or double quotes so that tabs and spaces may be included. undefine variable Remove variable from the list of environment vari- ables. export variable Mark the variable variable to be exported to the remote side. unexport variable Mark the variable variable to not be exported un- less explicitly asked for by the remote side. list List the current set of environment variables. Those marked with a * will be sent automatically, other variables will only be sent if explicitly requested. ? Prints out help information for the environ com- mand. logout Sends the TELNET LOGOUT option to the remote side. This com- mand is similar to a close command; however, if the remote side does not support the LOGOUT option, nothing happens. If, however, the remote side does support the LOGOUT option, this command should cause the remote side to close the TELNET con- nection. If the remote side also supports the concept of sus- pending a user's session for later reattachment, the logout argument indicates that you should terminate the session imme- diately. mode type Type is one of several options, depending on the state of the TELNET session. The remote host is asked for permission to go into the requested mode. If the remote host is capable of en- tering that mode, the requested mode will be entered. character Disable the TELNET LINEMODE option, or, if the remote side does not understand the LINEMODE op- tion, then enter ``character at a time`` mode. line Enable the TELNET LINEMODE option, or, if the remote side does not understand the LINEMODE op- tion, then attempt to enter ``old-line-by-line`` mode. isig (-isig) Attempt to enable (disable) the TRAPSIG mode of the LINEMODE option. This requires that the LINEMODE option be enabled. edit (-edit) Attempt to enable (disable) the EDIT mode of the LINEMODE option. This requires that the LINEMODE option be enabled. softtabs (-softtabs) Attempt to enable (disable) the SOFT_TAB mode of the LINEMODE option. This requires that the LINEMODE option be enabled. litecho (-litecho) Attempt to enable (disable) the LIT_ECHO mode of the LINEMODE option. This requires that the LINEMODE option be enabled. ? Prints out help information for the mode com- mand. open host [-l user] [-a] [[-]port] Open a connection to the named host. If no port number is specified, telnet will attempt to contact a TELNET server at the default port. The host specification may be either a host name (see hosts(5)) or an Internet address specified in the ``dot notation'' (see inet(3)). The -l option may be used to specify the user name to be passed to the remote system via the ENVIRON option. When connecting to a non-standard port, telnet omits any automatic initiation of TELNET options. When the port number is preceded by a minus sign, the initial op- tion negotiation is done. After establishing a connection, the file .telnetrc in the user's home directory is opened. Lines beginning with a # are comment lines. Blank lines are ignored. Lines that begin without white space are the start of a machine entry. The first thing on the line is the name of the machine that is being connected to. The rest of the line, and successive lines that begin with white space are as- sumed to be telnet commands and are processed as if they had been typed in manually to the telnet command prompt. quit Close any open TELNET session and exit telnet. An end of file (in command mode) will also close a session and exit. send arguments Sends one or more special character sequences to the remote host. The following are the arguments which may be specified (more than one argument may be specified at a time): abort Sends the TELNET ABORT (Abort processes) sequence. ao Sends the TELNET AO (Abort Output) sequence, which should cause the remote system to flush all output from the remote system to the user's terminal. ayt Sends the TELNET AYT (Are You There) sequence, to which the remote system may or may not choose to re- spond. brk Sends the TELNET BRK (Break) sequence, which may have significance to the remote system. ec Sends the TELNET EC (Erase Character) sequence, which should cause the remote system to erase the last char- acter entered. el Sends the TELNET EL (Erase Line) sequence, which should cause the remote system to erase the line cur- rently being entered. eof Sends the TELNET EOF (End Of File) sequence. eor Sends the TELNET EOR (End of Record) sequence. escape Sends the current telnet escape character (initially ``^''). ga Sends the TELNET GA (Go Ahead) sequence, which likely has no significance to the remote system. getstatus If the remote side supports the TELNET STATUS command, getstatus will send the subnegotiation to request that the server send its current option status. ip Sends the TELNET IP (Interrupt Process) sequence, which should cause the remote system to abort the cur- rently running process. nop Sends the TELNET NOP (No OPeration) sequence. susp Sends the TELNET SUSP (SUSPend process) sequence. synch Sends the TELNET SYNCH sequence. This sequence causes the remote system to discard all previously typed (but not yet read) input. This sequence is sent as TCP ur- gent data (and may not work if the remote system is a 4.2BSD system -- if it doesn't work, a lower case ``r'' may be echoed on the terminal). do cmd dont cmd will cmd wont cmd Sends the TELNET DO cmd sequence. Cmd can be either a decimal number between 0 and 255, or a symbolic name for a specific TELNET command. Cmd can also be either help or ? to print out help information, including a list of known symbolic names. ? Prints out help information for the send command. set argument value unset argument value The set command will set any one of a number of telnet vari- ables to a specific value or to TRUE. The special value off turns off the function associated with the variable, this is equivalent to using the unset command. The unset command will disable or set to FALSE any of the specified functions. The values of variables may be interrogated with the display com- mand. The variables which may be set or unset, but not tog- gled, are listed here. In addition, any of the variables for the toggle command may be explicitly set or unset using the set and unset commands. ayt If TELNET is in localchars mode, or LINEMODE is en- abled, and the status character is typed, a TELNET AYT sequence (see send ayt above) is sent to the remote host. The initial value for the "Are You There" char- acter is the terminal's status character. echo This is the value (initially ``^E'') which, when in ``line by line'' mode, toggles between doing local echoing of entered characters (for normal processing), and suppressing echoing of entered characters (for en- tering, say, a password). eof If telnet is operating in LINEMODE or ``old line by line'' mode, entering this character as the first character on a line will cause this character to be sent to the remote system. The initial value of the eof character is taken to be the terminal's eof char- acter. erase If telnet is in localchars mode (see toggle localchars below), and if telnet is operating in ``character at a time'' mode, then when this character is typed, a TELNET EC sequence (see send ec above) is sent to the remote system. The initial value for the erase char- acter is taken to be the terminal's erase character. escape This is the telnet escape character (initially ``^['') which causes entry into telnet command mode (when con- nected to a remote system). flushoutput If telnet is in localchars mode (see toggle localchars below) and the flushoutput character is typed, a TELNET AO sequence (see send ao above) is sent to the remote host. The initial value for the flush charac- ter is taken to be the terminal's flush character. forw1 forw2 If TELNET is operating in LINEMODE, these are the characters that, when typed, cause partial lines to be forwarded to the remote system. The initial value for the forwarding characters are taken from the termi- nal's eol and eol2 characters. interrupt If telnet is in localchars mode (see toggle localchars below) and the interrupt character is typed, a TELNET IP sequence (see send ip above) is sent to the remote host. The initial value for the interrupt character is taken to be the terminal's intr character. kill If telnet is in localchars mode (see toggle localchars below), and if telnet is operating in ``character at a time'' mode, then when this character is typed, a TELNET EL sequence (see send el above) is sent to the remote system. The initial value for the kill charac- ter is taken to be the terminal's kill character. lnext If telnet is operating in LINEMODE or ``old line by line`` mode, then this character is taken to be the terminal's lnext character. The initial value for the lnext character is taken to be the terminal's lnext character. quit If telnet is in localchars mode (see toggle localchars below) and the quit character is typed, a TELNET BRK sequence (see send brk above) is sent to the remote host. The initial value for the quit character is taken to be the terminal's quit character. reprint If telnet is operating in LINEMODE or ``old line by line`` mode, then this character is taken to be the terminal's reprint character. The initial value for the reprint character is taken to be the terminal's reprint character. rlogin This is the rlogin escape character. If set, the nor- mal TELNET escape character is ignored unless it is preceded by this character at the beginning of a line. This character, at the beginning of a line followed by a "." closes the connection; when followed by a ^Z it suspends the telnet command. The initial state is to disable the rlogin escape character. start If the TELNET TOGGLE-FLOW-CONTROL option has been en- abled, then this character is taken to be the termi- nal's start character. The initial value for the start character is taken to be the terminal's start character. stop If the TELNET TOGGLE-FLOW-CONTROL option has been en- abled, then this character is taken to be the termi- nal's stop character. The initial value for the stop character is taken to be the terminal's stop charac- ter. susp If telnet is in localchars mode, or LINEMODE is en- abled, and the suspend character is typed, a TELNET SUSP sequence (see send susp above) is sent to the re- mote host. The initial value for the suspend charac- ter is taken to be the terminal's suspend character. tracefile This is the file to which the output, caused by netdata or option tracing being TRUE, will be written. If it is set to ``-'', then tracing information will be written to standard output (the default). worderase If telnet is operating in LINEMODE or ``old line by line`` mode, then this character is taken to be the terminal's worderase character. The initial value for the worderase character is taken to be the terminal's worderase character. ? Displays the legal set (unset) commands. slc state The slc command (Set Local Characters) is used to set or change the state of the special characters when the TELNET LINEMODE option has been enabled. Special characters are characters that get mapped to TELNET commands sequences (like ip or quit) or line editing characters (like erase and kill). By default, the local special characters are exported. check Verify the current settings for the current spe- cial characters. The remote side is requested to send all the current special character settings, and if there are any discrepancies with the local side, the local side will switch to the remote value. export Switch to the local defaults for the special char- acters. The local default characters are those of the local terminal at the time when telnet was started. import Switch to the remote defaults for the special characters. The remote default characters are those of the remote system at the time when the TELNET connection was established. ? Prints out help information for the slc command. status Show the current status of telnet. This includes the peer one is connected to, as well as the current mode. toggle arguments ... Toggle (between TRUE and FALSE) various flags that control how telnet responds to events. These flags may be set explicitly to TRUE or FALSE using the set and unset commands listed above. More than one argument may be specified. The state of these flags may be interrogated with the display command. Valid arguments are: authdebug Turns on debugging information for the authenti- cation code. autoflush If autoflush and localchars are both TRUE, then when the ao, or quit characters are recognized (and transformed into TELNET sequences; see set above for details), telnet refuses to display any data on the user's terminal until the remote system acknowledges (via a TELNET TIMING MARK option) that it has processed those TELNET se- quences. The initial value for this toggle is TRUE if the terminal user had not done an "stty noflsh", otherwise FALSE (see stty(1)). autodecrypt When the TELNET ENCRYPT option is negotiated, by default the actual encryption (decryption) of the data stream does not start automatically. The autoencrypt (autodecrypt) command states that encryption of the output (input) stream should be enabled as soon as possible. Note: Because of export controls, the TELNET ENCRYPT option is not supported outside the United States and Canada. autologin If the remote side supports the TELNET AUTHENTICATION option TELNET attempts to use it to perform automatic authentication. If the AUTHENTICATION option is not supported, the us- er's login name are propagated through the TELNET ENVIRON option. This command is the same as specifying the -a option on the open command. autosynch If autosynch and localchars are both TRUE, then when either the intr or quit characters is typed (see set above for descriptions of the intr and quit characters), the resulting TELNET sequence sent is followed by the TELNET SYNCH sequence. This procedure should cause the remote system to begin throwing away all previously typed input until both of the TELNET sequences have been read and acted upon. The initial value of this toggle is FALSE. binary Enable or disable the TELNET BINARY option on both input and output. inbinary Enable or disable the TELNET BINARY option on input. outbinary Enable or disable the TELNET BINARY option on output. crlf If this is TRUE, then carriage returns will be sent as <CR><LF>. If this is FALSE, then car- riage returns will be send as <CR><NUL>. The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. crmod Toggle carriage return mode. When this mode is enabled, most carriage return characters re- ceived from the remote host will be mapped into a carriage return followed by a line feed. This mode does not affect those characters typed by the user, only those received from the remote host. This mode is not very useful unless the remote host only sends carriage return, but nev- er line feed. The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. debug Toggles socket level debugging (useful only to the super user). The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. encdebug Turns on debugging information for the encryp- tion code. localchars If this is TRUE, then the flush, interrupt, quit, erase, and kill characters (see set above) are recognized locally, and transformed into (hopefully) appropriate TELNET control sequences (respectively ao, ip, brk, ec, and el; see send above). The initial value for this toggle is TRUE in ``old line by line'' mode, and FALSE in ``character at a time'' mode. When the LINEMODE option is enabled, the value of localchars is ignored, and assumed to always be TRUE. If LINEMODE has ever been enabled, then quit is sent as abort, and eof and suspend are sent as eof and susp (see send above). netdata Toggles the display of all network data (in hex- adecimal format). The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. options Toggles the display of some internal telnet pro- tocol processing (having to do with TELNET op- tions). The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. prettydump When the netdata toggle is enabled, if prettydump is enabled the output from the netdata command will be formatted in a more user readable format. Spaces are put between each character in the output, and the beginning of any TELNET escape sequence is preceded by a '*' to aid in locating them. skiprc When the skiprc toggle is TRUE, TELNET skips the reading of the .telnetrc file in the users home directory when connections are opened. The ini- tial value for this toggle is FALSE. termdata Toggles the display of all terminal data (in hexadecimal format). The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. verbose_encrypt When the verbose_encrypt toggle is TRUE, telnet prints out a message each time encryption is en- abled or disabled. The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. Note: Because of export con- trols, data encryption is not supported outside of the United States and Canada. ? Displays the legal toggle commands. z Suspend telnet. This command only works when the user is us- ing the csh(1). ! [command] Execute a single command in a subshell on the local system. If command is omitted, then an interactive subshell is in- voked. ? [command] Get help. With no arguments, telnet prints a help summary. If a command is specified, telnet will print the help informa- tion for just that command.
ENVIRONMENT
Telnet uses at least the HOME, SHELL, DISPLAY, and TERM environment vari- ables. Other environment variables may be propagated to the other side via the TELNET ENVIRON option.
FILES
~/.telnetrc user customized telnet startup values
HISTORY
The Telnet command appeared in 4.2BSD.
NOTES
On some remote systems, echo has to be turned off manually when in ``old line by line'' mode. In ``old line by line'' mode or LINEMODE the terminal's eof character is only recognized (and sent to the remote system) when it is the first character on a line. NetBSD 1.4 February 3, 1994 11
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