pidlock(3) - NetBSD Manual Pages

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PIDLOCK(3)                NetBSD Programmer's Manual                PIDLOCK(3)


NAME

     pidlock, ttylock, ttyunlock - locks based on files containing PIDs


SYNOPSIS

     #include <util.h>

     int
     pidlock(const char *lockfile, int flags, pid_t *locker,
             const char *info);

     int
     ttylock(const char *tty, int flags, pid_t *locker);

     int
     ttyunlock(const char *tty);


DESCRIPTION

     The pidlock() ttylock(), and ttyunlock() functions attempt to create a
     lockfile for an arbitrary resource that only one program may hold at a
     time.  (In the case of ttylock(), this is access to a tty device.) If the
     function succeeds in creating the lockfile, it will succeed for no other
     program calling it with the same lockfile until the original calling pro-
     gram has removed the lockfile or exited.  The ttyunlock() function will
     remove the lockfile created by ttylock().

     These functions use the method of creating a lockfile traditionally used
     by UUCP software.  This is described as follows in the documentation for
     Taylor UUCP:

           The lock file normally contains the process ID of the locking pro-
           cess.  This makes it easy to determine whether a lock is still
           valid.  The algorithm is to create a temporary file and then link
           it to the name that must be locked.  If the link fails because a
           file with that name already exists, the existing file is read to
           get the process ID.  If the process still exists, the lock attempt
           fails.  Otherwise the lock file is deleted and the locking algo-
           rithm is retried.

     The PID is stored in ASCII format, with leading spaces to pad it out to
     ten characters, and a terminating newline.  This implementation has been
     extended to put the hostname on the second line of the file, terminated
     with a newline, and optionally an arbitrary comment on the third line of
     the file, also terminated with a newline. If a comment is given, but
     PIDLOCK_NONBLOCK is not, a blank line will be written as the second line
     of the file.

     The pidlock() function will attempt to create the file lockfile and put
     the current process's pid in it. The ttylock() function will do the same,
     but should be passed only the base name (with no leading directory pre-
     fix) of the tty to be locked; it will test that the tty exists in /dev
     and is a character device, and then create the file in the
     /var/spool/lock directory and prefix the filename with LCK... Use the
     ttyunlock() function to remove this lock.

     The following flags may be passed in flags:

           PIDLOCK_NONBLOCK
                         The function should return immediately when a lock is
                         held by another active process.  Otherwise the func-
                         tion will wait (forever, if necessary) for the lock
                         to be freed.

           PIDLOCK_USEHOSTNAME
                         The hostname should be compared against the hostname
                         in the second line of the file (if present), and if
                         they differ, no attempt at checking for a living pro-
                         cess holding the lock will be made, and the lockfile
                         will never be deleted.  (The process is assumed to be
                         alive.)  This is used for locking on NFS or other re-
                         mote filesystems.  (The function will never create a
                         lock if PIDLOCK_USEHOSTNAME is specified and no host-
                         name is present.)

     If locker is non-null, it will contain the PID of the locking process, if
     there is one, on return.

     If info is non-null and the lock succeeds, the string it points to will
     be written as the third line of the lock file.


RETURN VALUES

     Zero is returned if the operation was successful; on an error a -1 is re-
     turned and a standard error code is left in the global location errno.


ERRORS

     These are among the values left in errno if pidlock() or ttylock() re-
     turns a failure:

     [EPERM]       The current process does not have some of the privileges
                   necessary to perform the lock. These include read and write
                   access to the lock directory, and read access to the cur-
                   rent lockfile, if it exists.

     [ENOENT]      A component of a specified pathname did not exist, or the
                   pathname was an empty string.

     [EWOULBLOCK]  Another runnning process has a lock and the
                   PIDLOCK_NONBLOCK flag was specified.

     [ENAMETOOLONG]
                   A component of the path name exceeded 255 (MAXNAMELEN)
                   characters, or an entire path name exceeded 1023 (MAX-
                   PATHLEN-1) characters.


HISTORY

     The pidlock() and ttylock() functions appeared in NetBSD 1.3.


AUTHORS

     Curt Sampson <cjs@netbsd.org>


BUGS

     The lockfile format breaks if a pid is longer than ten digits when print-
     ed in decimal form.

     The PID returned will be the pid of the locker on the remote machine if
     PIDLOCK_USEHOSTNAME is specified, but there is no indication that this is
     not on the local machine.

4.4BSD                         November 10, 1996                             2